Nobody has any doubt that valve amplifiers produce a remarkably beautiful sound. They have a lively, deep, clear, and expressive sound, and dynamically they do not appear to have any limitations. The author investigates, in a systematic theoretical approach, the reasons for these beautiful properties. He develops new models for power valves and transformers, thus enabling the designer to determine the properties of the amplifier during the design process. Mathematical models for the coupling of power valve(s) and output transformer are provided. These will generate new insights in a special kind of distortion: the dynamic damping factor distortion (DDFD). With mathematical models in the complex domain, especially the properties at the limits of our hearing range (from 20 Hz to 20 kHz) are investigated and the minimal stability criteria for the amplifier are formulated. The often-applied negative feedback in amplifiers is extensively modelled and discussed in relation to our hearing appreciating. And after all this theory a fine selection of special amplifiers is presented and discussed. You will notice in this book that the author not only writes about amplifier technique, but tells about the way the development of valve amplifiers can have an influence on your daily life; even the usefulness of patents is discussed. Summarizing: new theories and solutions for perfect audio with valve amplifiers. Not only the professional and the DIY-er but everyone who wants to understand valve amplifiers will read this book with much pleasure.

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Affordable solutions with the ESP8266 and 3D printing If you are looking for a small yet powerful IoT device, you are likely to come across the ESP8266 and compatible products on the market today. One of these, the Wemos/Lolin D1 Mini Pro board strikes a remarkable balance between cost and performance. A small and very affordable prototype board, the D1 Mini Pro stands out with its WiFi functionality and a 16-Mbytes flash memory for easy creation of a flash file system. In addition, there are sufficient input and output pins (only one analog input though) to support PWM, I²C, and One-Wire systems to mention but a few. The book describes the operation, modding, construction, and programming of home appliances including a colorful smart home accessory, a refrigerator/greenhouse controller, an AC powerline monitor, a door lock monitor, and an IKEA Trådfri controller. As a benefit, all firmware developed for these DIY, "IoT-ized" devices can be updated over-the-air (OTA). For most of the designs in the book, a small printed circuit board (PCB) and an enclosure are presented so readers can have a finished and attractive-looking product. Readers having – or with access to! – a 3D printer can "print" the suggested enclosures at home or in a shop. Some of the constructions benefit from a Raspberry Pi configured as a gateway or cms server. This is also described in detail with all the necessary configuring. You don’t need to be an expert but the prerequisites to successful replication of the projects include basic skills with PC software including the ability to surf the Internet. In terms of hardware, you should be comfortable with soldering and generally assembling the PCBs presented in the book. All custom software written for the IoT devices, the PCB layouts, and 3D print files described in the book are available for free downloading.

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Using the RFID Starter Kit An Arduino board has now become ‘the’ basic component in the maker community. No longer is an introduction to the world of microcontrollers the preserve of the expert. When it comes to expanding the capabilities of the basic Arduino board however, the developer is still largely on his own. If you really want to build some innovative projects it’s often necessary to get down to component level. This can present many beginners with major problems. That is exactly where this book begins. This book explains how a wide variety of practical projects can be built using items supplied in a single kit together with the Arduino board. This kit, called the 'RFID Starter Kit for Arduino' (SKU 17240) is not just limited to RFID applications but contains more than 30 components, devices and modules covering all areas of modern electronics. In addition to more simple components such as LEDs and resistors there are also complex and sophisticated modules that employ the latest technology such as: A humidity sensor A multicolor LED A large LED matrix with 64 points of light A 4-character 7-segment LED display An infra red remote-controller unit A complete LC-display module A servo A stepper motor and controller module A complete RFID reader module and security tag On top of that you will get to build precise digital thermometers, hygrometers, exposure meters and various alarm systems. There are also practical devices and applications such as a fully automatic rain sensor, a sound-controlled remote control system, a multifunctional weather station and so much more. All of the projects described can be built using the components supplied in the Elektor kit.

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L'électronique est passionnée. C'est un plaisir amusant et instructif. Elle permet d'acquérir de nouvelles compétences, souvent utiles, à la maison et même au travail. Une expérience électronique avec ces circuits appropriés. Il donne vie à ses projets. Avant que le jour n'arrive, vous avez hâte de le voir ! Il est nécessaire de rassembler les articles pour la publication des articles du magazine d'électronique Elektor. Il sera le compagnon de vos progrès dans le monde de l'électronique. Plus que commencer par l'électronique analogique. Vous pourrez découvrir les compositions et les circuits ainsi que les simples pour comprendre les fonctions, les interactions et les problèmes éventuels. La meilleure façon de progresser, c'est de faire des expériences réelles, car la théorie ne suffit pas. Un guide en direct pour un excellent guide de montages pratiques, notamment pour les débutants. Et pour en savoir plus, acquérir la meilleure expérience et connaissance. La deuxième partie de la vie du monde du numérique électronique. En savoir plus sur l’utilisation des microcontrôles. Les effets des composants sont discrets grâce aux circuits intégrés des principaux composants des microcontrôleurs. La programmation à long terme de BASCOM, basée sur les pré-requis à la mise en œuvre d'Arduino, BBC micro:bit et d'autres, facilite la prise en compte de l'apprentissage. Voici une description détaillée des nombreuses applications des microcontrôleurs, abordables pour les néophytes. Ici, programmation et soudage font bon ménage !

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Le langage de programmation Python est apprécié par les pédagogues parce que sa syntaxe le rend facile à comprendre. Il s'est également imposé chez les informaticiens expérimentés. La société Adafruit a développé une version spéciale de Python pour l'embarquer sur les microcontrôleurs à 32 bits : CircuitPython. Ce livre permettra au lecteur de s'initier à la programmation en CircuitPython sur deux cartes : Feather BlueFruit Sense (également appelée Feather nRF52840 Sense) et CLUE nRF52840 Express. Chacune est animée par le SoC nRF52840 de NORDIC avec une architecture à 32 bits. Pour ce voyage dans le monde de la programmation embarquée, l'auteur sort du chemin classique, à savoir un cours complet sur la programmation orientée objet appliquée à ce langage. Il préfère emmener le lecteur directement sur le terrain avec des projets qui mettent en oeuvre les cartes et différents périphériques. Plus d'une quarantaine d'exemples et de montages permettent de découvrir la richesse de CircuitPython. Toutefois l'auteur s'est imposé une limite pour ne pas décourager les novices : le code de chaque projet ne dépasse jamais la centaine de lignes. Pour ce qui est du matériel, là aussi la simplicité domine : aucun programmateur, un simple PC suffit ; aucun soudage grâce au câblage sur platine d'essai. Les cartes d'extension FeatherWing à enficher sur la Feather nRF52840 Sense permettent de démultiplier ses fonctions : matrice de LED, enregistreur de données, écran à encre électronique, écran OLED, écran TFT, commande de moteurs, audio, relais… Toutes les étapes (assemblage des différents composants, installation des bibliothèques requises, programmation, tests…) sont expliquées en détail. Le code des différents exemples et projets est disponible sur Github. Le résultat de chaque projet est même présenté sur de courtes vidéos disponibles sur YouTube. À la fin de sa lecture, le nouveau Pythonien pourra facilement approfondir les notions abordées et donner vie à ses propres projets grâce aux outils qu'il aura essayés. Ce livre s'adresse aux lycéens et étudiants ainsi qu'à toute la communauté des makers. Chaîne YouTube de l'auteur YouTube (Michaël Bottin)

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Ready to explore the world around you? By attaching the Sense HAT to your Raspberry Pi, you can quickly and easily develop a variety of creative applications, useful experiments, and exciting games. The Sense HAT contains several helpful environmental sensors: temperature, humidity, pressure, accelerometer, magnetometer, and gyroscope. Additionally, an 8x8 LED matrix is provided with RGB LEDs, which can be used to display multi-color scrolling or fixed information, such as the sensor data. Use the small onboard joystick for games or applications that require user input. In Innovate with Sense HAT for Raspberry Pi, Dr. Dogan Ibrahim explains how to use the Sense HAT in Raspberry Pi Zero W-based projects. Using simple terms, he details how to incorporate the Sense HAT board in interesting visual and sensor-based projects. You can complete all the projects with other Raspberry Pi models without any modifications. Exploring with Sense HAT for Raspberry Pi includes projects featuring external hardware components in addition to the Sense HAT board. You will learn to connect the Sense HAT board to the Raspberry Pi using jumper wires so that some of the GPIO ports are free to be interfaced to external components, such as to buzzers, relays, LEDs, LCDs, motors, and other sensors. The book includes full program listings and detailed project descriptions. Complete circuit diagrams of the projects using external components are given where necessary. All the projects were developed using the latest version of the Python 3 programming language. You can easily download projects from the book’s web page. Let’s start exploring with Sense HAT.

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An Introduction to RISC-V RISC-V is an Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) that is both free and open. This means that the RISC-V ISA itself does not require a licensing fee, although individual implementations may do so. The RISC-V ISA is curated by a non-profit foundation with no commercial interest in products or services that use it, and it is possible for anyone to submit contributions to the RISC-V specifications. The RISC-V ISA is suitable for applications ranging from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers. This book will first describe the 32-bit RISC-V ISA, including both the base instruction set as well as the majority of the currently-defined extensions. The book will then describe, in detail, an open-source implementation of the ISA that is intended for embedded control applications. This implementation includes the base instruction set as well as a number of standard extensions. After the description of the CPU design is complete the design is expanded to include memory and some simple I/O. The resulting microcontroller will then be implemented in an affordable FPGA development board (available from Elektor) along with a simple software application so that the reader can investigate the finished design.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new concept in intelligent automation and intelligent monitoring using the Internet as the communications medium. The “Things” in IoT usually refer to devices that have unique identifiers and are connected to the Internet to exchange information with each other. Such devices usually have sensors and/or actuators that can be used to collect data about their environments and to monitor and control their environments. The collected data can be processed locally or it can be sent to centralized servers or to the cloud for remote storage and processing. For example, a small device at the size of a matchbox can be used to collect data about the temperature, relative humidity and the atmospheric pressure. This data can be sent and stored in the cloud. Anyone with a mobile device can then access and monitor this data at any time and from anywhere on Earth provided there is Internet connectivity. In addition, users can for example, adjust the central heating remotely using their mobile devices and accessing the cloud. This book is written for students, for practising engineers and for hobbyists who want to learn more about the building blocks of an IoT system and also learn how to setup an IoT system using these blocks. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the IoT systems. In Chapter 2, the basic concepts and possible IoT architectures are discussed. The important parts of any IoT system are the sensors and actuators and they are described briefly in Chapter 3. The devices in an IoT system usually communicate with each other and the important aspect of IoT communication is covered in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 proceeds with the features of some of the commonly used development kits. One of these, the Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ manufactured by mikroElektronika, can be used as a processor in IoT systems and its features are described in detail in Chapter 6. A popular microcontroller C language, mikroC Pro for PIC gets introduced in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 covers the use of a click board with the Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ development kit. Similarly, the use of a sensor click board is described as a project in Chapter 9, and an actuator board in Chapter 10. Chapters 11 and 12 cover Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies in microcontroller based systems, and the remaining chapters of the book demo the creation of a simple Wi-Fi based IoT system with cloud-based data storage. This book has been written with the assumption that the reader has taken a course on digital logic design and has been exposed to writing programs using at least one high-level programming language. Knowledge of the C programming language will be very useful. Also, familiarity with at least one member of the PIC series of microcontrollers (e.g. PIC16 or PIC18) will be an advantage. The knowledge of assembly language programming is not required because all the projects in the book are based on using the C language. If you are a total beginner in programming you can still access the e-book, but first you are advised to study introductory books on microcontrollers.

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Dit boek is bedoeld voor diegenen die zich bezig houden met geluidsversterking en geluidsdistributie. Het gaat in op de akoestische eigenschappen van open, halfopen en omsloten ruimten. Belangrijk is hoe luidsprekers aangepast kunnen worden op allerlei omgevingen. Meestal moet men een keuze maken uit het aanbod van luidsprekers en microfoons. De vraag is dan welke luidspreker en microfoon de juiste keuze zijn. En hoe deze moeten worden opgesteld waarbij spraak- en muziekverstaanbaarheid en de maximaal haalbare versterking in de live-situatie de belangrijkste criteria zijn. Dit boek geeft antwoord op die vragen.Verder wordt de lezer meegenomen naar het ontwerpen van luidsprekers op basis van de T/S parameters. Met eenvoudige software is het mogelijk akoestische en mechanische elementen van een luidspreker met de eventuele behuizing te vertalen naar de elektrische analogieën, zodat de luidspreker op de PC gesimuleerd kan worden. Aan de hand van rekenvoorbeelden worden bovenstaande simulaties ondersteund. Tot slot zijn in de referentielijst een aantal internetlinks opgenomen waaruit zeer waardevolle gegevens gehaald kunnen worden.De auteur, Peter Swarte, is natuurkundig ingenieur en was werkzaam bij Philips. Momenteel is hij_eigenaar van consultancy bureau P.A.S. Electro Acoustics en is hij actief lid van zowel het NAG (Nederlands Akoestisch Genootschap) als de AES (Audio Engineering Society).

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This book is aimed at practising engineers, students and hobbyists. It is intended as a source of reference for hardware and software associated with instrumentation and control engineering. Examples are presented from a range of industries and applications. Throughout the book, circuit diagrams and software listings are described, typical of many measurement and control applications. The hardware and software designs may be used as a basis for application by the reader. The book contains examples of PIC, PLC, PAC and PC programming. All code samples are available to download free of charge from the support website. After an introductory section on control theory and modelling, the text focus is upon software for control system simulation and implementation, with appropriate reference to interfacing, electronic hardware and computing platforms. Introduction to Control Engineering is a sourcebook of solutions for control system applications!

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In 35 Projects with the Raspberry Pi and Arduino The Internet of Things (IoT) is a trend with a strong technological impulse. At home, we want to do everything on our tablets, from browsing Facebook to watching TV, from operating lights to keeping an eye on the temperature. In 35 fun projects, this book will show you how to build your own Internet of Things system. We'll cover the hardware (primarily the Raspberry Pi and Arduino) and the software that makes control via Internet possible. We employ Wi-Fi and radio links so no requirement any longer to install cabling crisscross through your home. Assuming the projects in the book are finished, you have a complete Internet of Things system that allows you to control and view of everything in your home. For example, if there's something in the mail box or the car is securely in the garage. Also, you can switch on the lights and the alarm from your couch. The crisp explanations allow the projects to be customized with ease, for example, to turn on your coffee machine or TV remotely. The index gives easy access to creative projects that can serve as an example, enabling you to do all the connecting to the IoT independently. All project software can be downloaded free of charge from the Elektor website. In this unique book, Raspberry Pi, Arduino and HTML webpages with stylesheets and JavaScript come together in clearly-described, easy-to-build projects. This special book is an essential part of your collection!

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There are many so-called 'Arduino compatible' platforms on the market. The ESP8266 – in the form of the WeMos D1 Mini Pro – is one that really stands out. This device includes WiFi Internet access and the option of a flash file system using up to 16 MB of external flash memory. Furthermore, there are ample in/output pins (though only one analogue input), PWM, I²C, and one-wire. Needless to say, you are easily able to construct many small IoT devices! This book contains the following builds: A colourful smart home accessory refrigerator controller 230 V power monitor door lock monitor and some further spin-off devices. All builds are documented together with relevant background information for further study. For your convenience, there is a small PCB for most of the designs; you can also use a perf board. You don’t need to be an expert but the minimum recommended essentials include basic experience with a PC, software, and hardware, including the ability to surf the Internet and assemble PCBs. And of course: A handle was kept on development costs. All custom software for the IoT devices and PCB layouts are available for free download from at Elektor.com.

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Mastering PCB design with real-world projects This book builts on KiCad Like a Pro – Fundamentals and Projects and aims to help you practice your new KiCad skills by challenging you in a series of real-world projects. The projects are supported by a comprehensive set of recipes with detailed instructions on how to achieve a variety of simple and complex tasks. Design the PCBs for a solar power supply, an LED matrix array, an Arduino-powered datalogger, and a custom ESP32 board. Understand the finer details of the interactive router, how to manage KiCad project teams with Git, how to use an autorouter on 2 and 4-layer PCBs, and much more. KiCad 8 is a modern, cross-platform application suite built around schematic and design editors. This stable and mature PCB tool is a perfect fit for electronic engineers and makers. With KiCad 8, you can create PCBs of any complexity and size without the constraints associated with the commercial packages. Here are the most significant improvements and features in KiCad 8, both over and under the hood: Modern user interface, completely redesigned from earlier versions Improved and customizable electrical and design rule checkers Theme editor allowing you to fully customize the look of KiCad on your screen Ability to import projects from Eagle, CADSTART, and more An improved and tightly integrated SPICE circuit simulator Autorouting with the Freerouting plugin Filters define which elements of a layout are selectable Enhanced interactive router helps you draw single tracks and differential pairs with precision New or enhanced tools to draw tracks, measure distances, tune track lengths, etc. Enhanced tool for creating filled zones A customizable coordinate system facilitates data exchange with other CAD applications Realistic ray-tracing capable 3D viewer Differential pair routing Rich repositories of symbol, footprint, and 3D shape libraries Python scripting API for programmatic customization and extensions Improved footprint wizard for fast custom footprints

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Getting started with the world’s best open-source PCB tool The latest iteration of KiCad, the world’s best free-to-use Printed Circuit Board tool, is packed with features usually found only in expensive commercial CAD tools. This modern, cross-platform application suite built around schematic and design editors, with auxiliary applications is a stable and mature PCB tool. KiCad 8 is a perfect fit for electronic engineers and makers. Here are the most significant improvements and features in KiCad 8, both over and under the hood: Modern user interface, completely redesigned from earlier versions Improved and customizable electrical and design rule checkers Theme editor allowing you to customize KiCad on your screen Ability to import projects from Eagle, CADSTART, and more Python scripting API Improved integrated SPICE circuit simulator Multi-sheet schematics Filters define selectable elements Enhanced interactive router helps you draw single tracks and differential pairs with precision New or enhanced tools to draw tracks, measure distances, tune track lengths, etc. Advanced interactive router Built-in bill of materials generator Realistic ray-tracing capable 3D viewer Customizable teardrops Plug-in manager for quick installation of themes, libraries and functionalities such as autorouters and BOM generators This book will teach you to use KiCad through a practical approach. It will help you become productive quickly and start designing your own boards. Example projects illustrate the basic features of KiCad, even if you have no prior knowledge of PCB design. The author describes the entire workflow from schematic entry to the intricacies of finalizing the files for PCB production and offers sound guidance on the process. Further full-fledged projects, of incremental difficulty, will be presented in a second book, together with a variety of advanced recipes.

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Get Cracking with the Arduino Nano V3, Nano Every, and Nano 33 IoT The seven chapters in this book serve as the first step for novices and microcontroller enthusiasts wishing to make a head start in Arduino programming. The first chapter introduces the Arduino platform, ecosystem, and existing varieties of Arduino Nano boards. It also teaches how to install various tools needed to get started with Arduino Programming. The second chapter kicks off with electronic circuit building and programming around your Arduino. The third chapter explores various buses and analog inputs. In the fourth chapter, you get acquainted with the concept of pulse width modulation (PWM) and working with unipolar stepper motors. In the fifth chapter, you are sure to learn about creating beautiful graphics and basic but useful animation with the aid of an external display. The sixth chapter introduces the readers to the concept of I/O devices such as sensors and the piezo buzzer, exploring their methods of interfacing and programming with the Arduino Nano. The last chapter explores another member of Arduino Nano family, Arduino Nano 33 IoT with its highly interesting capabilities. This chapter employs and deepens many concepts learned from previous chapters to create interesting applications for the vast world of the Internet of Things. The entire book follows a step-by-step approach to explain concepts and the operation of things. Each concept is invariably followed by a to-the-point circuit diagram and code examples. Next come detailed explanations of the syntax and the logic used. By closely following the concepts, you will become comfortable with circuit building, Arduino programming, the workings of the code examples, and the circuit diagrams presented. The book also has plenty of references to external resources wherever needed. An archive file (.zip) comprising the software examples and Fritzing-style circuit diagrams discussed in the book may be downloaded free of charge below.

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An Ultra-Rapid Programming Course This book serves as the very first step to for novices to learn Python programming. The book is divided into ten chapters. In the first chapter, readers are introduced to the basics of Python. It has the detailed instructions for installation on various platforms such as macOS, Windows, FreeBSD, and Linux. It also covers the other aspects of Python programming such as IDEs and Package Manager. The second chapter is where the readers get an opportunity to have a detailed hands-on with Python programming. It covers a group of built-in data structures popularly known as Python Collections. The third chapter covers the important concepts of strings, functions, and recursion. The fourth chapter focuses on the Object-Oriented Programming with Python. The fifth chapter discusses most commonly used custom data structures such as stack and queue. The sixth chapter spurs the creativity of the readers with Python’s Turtle graphics library. The seventh chapter explores animations and game development using the Pygame library. The eighth chapter covers handling data stored in a variety of file formats. The ninth chapter covers the area of Image processing with Wand library in Python. The tenth and the final chapter presents an array of assorted handy topics in Python. The entire book follows a step-by-step approach. The explanation of the topic is always followed by a detailed code example. The code examples are also explained in suitable detail and they are followed by the output in the form of text or screenshot wherever possible. Readers will become comfortable with Python programming language by closely following the concepts and the code examples in this book. The book also has references to external resources for readers to explore further. A download of the software code, and links to tutorial videos can be found on the Elektor website.

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Er zijn niet zoveel boeken te vinden over het ontwerpen en bouwen van zenders met een klein uitgangsvermogen. Dit boek beschrijft nauwkeurig de werking en bouw van maar liefst twintig audio- en videozender(tje)s. Daarmee biedt het aan de amateur-elektronicus, technicus, zendamateur en andere radio-enthousiasten het noodzakelijke materiaal om zich verder te bekwamen op dit gebied. Er wordt slechts weinig aandacht besteed aan de theorie, maar dat heeft een groot voordeel: ruim 300 pagina’s vol praktijk. De zenders, sommige eenvoudig, andere meer gecompliceerd, werden speciaal ontworpen voor het gebruik door amateurs. Ze werken tussen 150 kHz en 1300 MHz. De gebruikte techniek dateert vooral uit de jaren 90. Dit mag op het eerste gezicht een tekortkoming lijken, maar het is juist een extra argument voor publicatie. De technieken hebben zich inmiddels bewezen en er worden eenvoudige, goedkope en nog steeds goed verkrijgbare onderdelen gebruikt. Dit boek richt zich dus in de eerste plaats tot de potentiële gebruiker van HF-technieken, die er niet voor terugschrikt om dit soort schakelingen in elkaar te zetten. De schakelingen zijn probleemloos na te bouwen (nog een voordeel van zich bewezen technieken). Om dat te bereiken hebben de auteurs veel aandacht besteed aan: de testprocedures voor elke schakeling, de onderdelenlijst, instructies voor het vervaardigen van de spoelen en voor de afregeling. Bij de meeste schakelingen is bovendien een printontwerp afgedrukt. Naast zenders voor o.a. FM-stereo, AM, VHF-FM-amateur, R/C-TV, 40-m-CW-zender, 10-m-SSB, 2-m-NBFM, FM-video-link en amateur-TV vindt u in dit boek ook verwante schakelingen, zoals een down-converter voor 400, 900 en 1300 MHz en een HF-vermogensmeter.

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Réalisés par les créateurs du MagPi, le magazine officiel de Raspberry Pi Démarrez avec le Raspberry Pi 5, le dernier-né et le plus performant de la famille des nano-ordinateurs Raspberry Pi. Apprenez à coder et à réaliser des projets avec cet ordinateur étonnant. Dans ce manuel dédié au Raspberry Pi 5, nous vous proposons aussi de nombreuses idées de projets également réalisables avec le Raspberry Pi 4, le Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W et le Raspberry Pi Pico W. Avec des tutoriels, des projets pratiques, des essais techniques, des guides et bien plus encore, il s’agit de la ressource ultime pour le Raspberry Pi ! 228 pages sur le Raspberry Pi Tout ce que vous devez savoir sur le Raspberry Pi 5 Prise en main de tous les Raspberry Pi Amusez-vous et apprenez l’électronique avec le Pico W Des projets inspirants pour vous donner des idées de réalisations Apprenez ?Python en construisant une mini-console Démarrez avec le module caméra Raspberry Pi Intelligence artificielle, codage de son propre agent ChatGP

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This book is about teaching the Python programming language using the Raspberry Pi 4 computer. The book makes an introduction to Raspberry Pi 4 and then teaches Python with the topics: variables, strings, arrays, matrices, tuples, lists, dictionaries, user functions, flow of control, printing, keyboard input, graphics, GUI, object oriented programming and many more topics. The book is aimed for beginners, students, practising engineers, hobbyists, and for anyone else who may want to learn to program in Python. The book includes many example programs and case studies. All the example programs and case studies have been tested fully by the author and are all working. The example programs aim to teach the various programming concepts of Python. The case studies cover the use of Python in the analysis and design of electronic circuits. Some of the case study topics are: Resistor colour code identification Resistive potential divider circuits Resistive attenuator design Zener diode voltage regulator design RC and RLC transient circuits Circuit frequency response Saving data on external memory stick Mesh and node circuit analysis using matrices Resonance in RLC circuits Transistor Biasing analysis Transistor amplifier design Design of active filters Interfacing hardware with GPIO, I²C and SPI Using Wi-Fi with Python and TCP/IP and UDP programs Using Bluetooth from Python Full program listings of all the programs used in the book are available at the Elektor website of the book. Readers should be able just to copy and use these programs in their Raspberry Pi projects without any modifications.

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Les Accords de Kyoto, le réchauffement climatique, le Grenelle de l'environnement sont autant de termes devenus familles dans le cadre d'une réflexion éco-citoyenne collective. Au cours de la conversation, il est important de mener des actions concrètes et de veiller à ce que votre énergie soit renouvelable dans le cadre de votre maison individuelle. Les applications possibles sont légion : production électrique photovoltaïque, éolienne ou hydraulique, chauffe-eau solaire, chauffage des locaux par géothermie, par aérothermie ou par biomasse (bois-énergie). Pour répondre à cette demande croissante, une nouvelle filière connue ou développement fulgurant, mesurable à la création quasi quotidienne d'entreprises spécialisées. Les cellules sont immergées dans les techniques propositionnelles qui servent à les adapter, mais à cause de l'émanation de compétences professionnelles. Il est important de savoir évaluer les compétences des techniques avancées proposées par les métiers ; Pour que l’énergie soit renouvelable, la connaissance du vocabulaire, des principes de physique et des méthodes de dimensionnement des matériaux sont nécessaires. C'est la mission assignée à cet ouvrage.

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Ce qui se passe en électronique est par définition invisible à l'oeil nu. L'instrument qui permet précisément de rendre visibles les signaux électriques, celui par le truchement duquel les effets de l'électronique se manifestent à nous, c'est l'oscilloscope. Hélas, quand on commence à faire de l'électronique, c'est souvent sans oscilloscope. Et l'on en est réduit à tâtonner, aussi bien physiquement que mentalement. Le jour où l'on goûte à la visualisation des signaux sur un écran, c'est une révélation. Plus personne ne souhaite se priver de cet enchantement. Pas de retour en arrière. En électronique, si l'on veut progresser dans le plaisir et dans la compréhension, il faut un oscillo. Commence alors une période d'interrogation : comment choisir ? Et à peine cette question-là aura-t-elle trouvé sa réponse, il en viendra une ribambelle d'autres que l'on peut résumer en une seule : comment se servir de l'oscilloscope de telle sorte que ce qu'il affiche corresponde bien à la réalité des signaux ? Dans ce livre, Rémy Mallard, répond clairement à ces questions. Il donne aussi de nombreuses informations pour aider son lecteur à élucider lui-même de nouveaux mystères qui ne manqueront pas de surgir. Ceux qui le connaissent déjà comme l'auteur d'un livre sur l'électronique dont le titre est un programme à lui tout seul : L'électronique pour les débutants qui sèchent les cours mais soudent sans se brûler les doigts, ainsi que d'un livre d'initiation à la programmation des microcontrôleurs PIC, savent qu'ils trouveront ici un ouvrage utile, qu'ils rouvriront souvent.

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This book is intended as a highly-practical guide for Hobbyists, Engineers and Scientists wishing to build measurement and control systems to be controlled by a local or remote Personal Computer running the Linux operating system. Both hardware and software aspects of designing typical embedded systems are covered in detail with schematics, code listings and full descriptions. Numerous examples have been designed to show clearly how straightforward it can be to create the interfaces between digital and analog electronics, with programming techniques for creating control software for both local and remote systems. Hardware developers will appreciate the variety of circuits, including a novel, low cost modulated wireless link and will discover how using Matlab® overcomes the need for specialist programming skills. Software developers will appreciate how a better understanding of circuits plus the freedom offered by Linux to directly control at the register level enables them to optimize related programs. There is no need to buy special equipment or expensive software tools in order to create embedded projects covered in this book. You can build such quality systems quickly using popular low-cost electronic components and free distributed or low-cost software tools. Some knowledge of basic electronics plus the very basics of C programming only is required. Many projects in this book are developed using Matlab® being a very popular worldwide computational tool for research in engineering and science. The book provides a detailed description of how to combine the power of Matlab® with practical electronics. With an emphasis on learning by doing, readers are encouraged by examples to program with ease; the book provides clear guidelines as to the appropriate programming techniques “on the fly”. Complete and well-documented source code is provided for all projects. If you want to learn how to quickly build Linux-based applications able to collect, process and display data on a PC from various analog and digital sensors, how to control circuitry attached to a computer, then even how to pass data via a network or control your embedded system wirelessly and more – then this is the book for you! Features of this Book Use the power, flexibility and control offered only by a Linux operating system on a PC. Use a free, distributed downloadable GNU C compiler Use (optional) a low-cost Student Version of Matlab®. Use low-cost electronic sub-assemblies for projects. Improve your skills in electronics, programming, networking and wireless design. A full chapter is dedicated to controlling your sound card for audio input and output purposes. Program sound using OSS and ALSA. Learn how to combine electronic circuits, software, networks and wireless technologies in the complete embedded system.

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PC USB Logic Analyzers with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Co. Step-by-step instructions guide you through the analysis of modern protocols such as I²C, SPI, UART, RS-232, NeoPixel, WS28xx, HD44780 and 1-Wire protocols. With the help of numerous experimental circuits based on the Raspberry Pi Pico, Arduino Uno and the Bus Pirate, you will learn the practical application of popular USB logic analyzers. All the experimental circuits presented in this book have been fully tested and are fully functional. The necessary program listings are included – no special programming or electronics knowledge is required for these circuits. The programming languages used are MicroPython and C along with the development environments Thonny and Arduino IDE. This book uses several models of flexible and widely available USB logic analyzers and shows the strengths and weaknesses of each price range. You will learn about the criteria that matter for your work and be able to find the right device for you. Whether Arduino, Raspberry Pi or Raspberry Pi Pico, the example circuits shown allow you to get started quickly with protocol analysis and can also serve as a basis for your own experiments. After reading this book, you will be familiar with all the important terms and contexts, conduct your own experiments, analyze protocols independently, culminating in a comprehensive knowledge set of digital signals and protocols.

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An Introduction to Circuit Simulation LTspice, developed by Analog Devices, is a powerful, fast, and free SPICE simulator, schematic capture, and waveform viewer with a large database of components supported by SPICE models from all over the world. Drawing a schematic in LTspice is easy and fast. Thanks to its powerful graphing features, you can visualize the voltages and currents in a circuit, and also the power consumption of its components and much more. This book is about learning to design and simulate electronic circuits using LTspice. Among others, the following topics are treated: DC and AC circuits Signal diodes and Zener diodes Transistor circuits including oscillators Thyristor/SCR, diac, and triac circuits Operational amplifier circuits including oscillators The 555 timer IC Filters Voltage regulators Optocouplers Waveform generation Digital logic simulation including the 74HC family SPICE modeling LTspice is a powerful electronic circuit simulation tool with many features and possibilities. Covering them all in detail is not possible in a book of this size. Therefore, this book presents the most common topics like DC and AC circuit analysis, parameter sweeping, transfer functions, oscillators, graphing, etc. Although this book is an introduction to LTspice, it covers most topics of interest to people engaged in electronic circuit simulation. The book is aimed at electronic/electrical engineers, students, teachers, and hobbyists. Many tested simulation examples are given in the book. Readers do not need to have any computer programming skills, but it will help if they are familiar with basic electronic circuit design and operation principles. Readers who want to dive deeper can find many detailed tutorials, articles, videos, design files, and SPICE circuit models on the Internet. All the simulation examples used in the book are available as files at the webpage of this book. Readers can use these example circuits for learning or modify them for their own applications.

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