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Praxisnahe Projekte, Profi-Tricks und eigene Anwendungen Dieses Buch führt Sie Schritt für Schritt in die faszinierende Welt der State Machines ein und zeigt, wie Sie Hardware direkt und effizient ansteuern können – jenseits klassischer CPU-gesteuerter Ansätze. In diesem Buch lernen Sie: LEDs und NeoPixel kreativ steuern: Blinken, Dimmen, Farbwechsel und komplexe Animationen Taster und Encoder zuverlässig auslesen und in Echtzeit in Ihre Projekte integrieren Analoge Eingänge (ADC) nutzen und Signale digital steuern Servos präzise ansteuern und Bewegungsabläufe automatisieren SPI mit PIO umsetzen, um Displays, Sensoren und Module anzusteuern Menüsysteme und Submenüs auf SPI-Displays realisieren, inklusive Navigation über mehrere Taster PWM, Signalgenerierung und Frequenzsteuerung für akustische oder visuelle Effekte Debugging-Strategien und Tipps, um Ihre PIO-Programme effizient zu entwickeln Alle Beispiele sind praxisnah, sofort umsetzbar und zuverlässig. Mit klaren Anleitungen, Hintergrundwissen und fertigen Codebeispielen lernen Sie, die PIO-Fähigkeiten des Pico maximal zu nutzen – egal ob für Maker-Projekte, Prototypen oder professionelle Anwendungen. Erleben Sie, wie Sie komplexe Hardwaresteuerung elegant mit dem Pico realisieren können – schneller, flexibler und leistungsfähiger als je zuvor.

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With the availability of free and open source C/C++ compilers today, you might wonder why someone would be interested in assembler language. What is so compelling about the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)? How does RISC-V differ from existing architectures? And most importantly, how do we gain experience with the RISC-V without a major investment? Is there affordable hardware available? The availability of the Espressif ESP32-C3 chip provides a way to get hands-on experience with RISC-V. The open sourced QEMU emulator adds a 64-bit experience in RISC-V under Linux. These are just two ways for the student and enthusiast alike to explore RISC-V in this book. The projects in this book are boiled down to the barest essentials to keep the assembly language concepts clear and simple. In this manner you will have “aha!” moments rather than puzzling about something difficult. The focus in this book is about learning how to write RISC-V assembly language code without getting bogged down. As you work your way through this tutorial, you’ll build up small demonstration programs to be run and tested. Often the result is some simple printed messages to prove a concept. Once you’ve mastered these basic concepts, you will be well equipped to apply assembly language in larger projects.

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Based on PIC microcontrollers and Arduino Every mobile phone includes a GSM/GPRS modem which enables the phone to communicate with the external world. With the help of the GSM modems, users can establish audio conversations and send and receive SMS text messages. In addition, the GPRS modem enables users to connect to the internet and to send and receive large files such as pictures and video over the internet. This book is aimed for the people who may want to learn how to use the GSM/GPRS modems in microcontroller based projects. Two types of popular microcontroller families are considered in the e-book: PIC microcontrollers, and the Arduino. The highly popular mid-performance PIC18F87J50 microcontroller is used in PIC based projects together with a GSM Click board. In addition, the SIM900 GSM/GPRS shield is used with the Arduino Uno projects. Both GSM and GPRS based projects are included in the e-book. The book will enable you to control equipment remotely by sending SMS messages from your mobile phone to the microcontroller, send the ambient temperature readings from the microcontroller to a mobile phone as SMS messages, use the GPRS commands to access the internet from a microcontroller, send temperature readings to the cloud using UDP and TCP protocols and so on. It is assumed that the reader has some basic working knowledge of the C language and the use of microcontrollers in simple projects. Although not necessary, knowledge of at least one member of the PIC microcontroller family and the Arduino Uno will be an advantage. It will also be useful if the user has some knowledge of basic electronics.

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Program, build, and master over 50 projects with MicroPython and the RP2040 microprocessor The Raspberry Pi Pico is a high-performance microcontroller module designed especially for physical computing. Microcontrollers differ from single-board computers, like the Raspberry Pi 4, in not having an operating system. The Raspberry Pi Pico can be programmed to run a single task very efficiently within real-time control and monitoring applications requiring speed. The ‘Pico’ as we call it, is based on the fast, efficient, and low-cost dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ RP2040 microcontroller chip running at up to 133 MHz and sporting 264 KB of SRAM, and 2 MB of Flash memory. Besides its large memory, the Pico has even more attractive features including a vast number of GPIO pins, and popular interface modules like ADC, SPI, I²C, UART, and PWM. To cap it all, the chip offers fast and accurate timing modules, a hardware debug interface, and an internal temperature sensor. The Raspberry Pi Pico is easily programmed using popular high-level languages such as MicroPython and or C/C++. This book is an introduction to using the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller in conjunction with the MicroPython programming language. The Thonny development environment (IDE) is used in all the projects described. There are over 50 working and tested projects in the book, covering the following topics: Installing the MicroPython on Raspberry Pi Pico using a Raspberry Pi or a PC Timer interrupts and external interrupts Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) projects Using the internal temperature sensor and external temperature sensor chips Datalogging projects PWM, UART, I²C, and SPI projects Using Wi-Fi and apps to communicate with smartphones Using Bluetooth and apps to communicate with smartphones Digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) projects All projects given in the book have been fully tested and are working. Only basic programming and electronics experience is required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full MicroPython program listings are given for all projects described. Readers can find the program listings on the Elektor web page created to support the book.

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For Speed, Area, Power, and Reliability This book teaches the fundamentals of FPGA operation, covering basic CMOS transistor theory to designing digital FPGA chips using LUTs, flip-flops, and embedded memories. Ideal for electrical engineers aiming to design large digital chips using FPGA technology. Discover: The inner workings of FPGA architecture and functionality. Hardware Description Languages (HDL) like Verilog and VHDL. The EDA tool flow for converting HDL source into a functional FPGA chip design. Insider tips for reliable, low power, and high performance FPGA designs. Example designs include: Computer-to-FPGA UART serial communication. An open-source Sump3 logic analyzer implementation. A fully functional graphics controller. What you need: Digilent BASYS3 or similar FPGA eval board with an AMD/Xilinx FPGA. Vivado EDA tool suite (available for download from AMD website free of charge). Project source files available from author’s GitHub site.

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Zeitsteuerung, Scheduler, PIO und Zustandsmaschinen Multitasking ist der Schlüssel zu leistungsfähigen Embedded-Systemen, und zugleich eine der größten Herausforderungen in der Mikrocontroller-Programmierung. Dieses Buch zeigt Ihnen Schritt für Schritt, wie Sie von einem einfachen Ein-Task-Programm zu einem strukturierten, reaktionsfähigen und skalierbaren System gelangen. Dabei steht nicht nur das Wie, sondern vor allem das Warum im Mittelpunkt. Sie lernen: warum scheinbare Parallelität entsteht weshalb blockierende Programme instabil werden wie Aufgaben effizient und kontrolliert parallel ablaufen Ausgehend vom klassischen Superloop vermittelt das Buch moderne Multitasking-Strategien – von nicht-blockierender Programmierung und Tick-Systemen bis zu Task-Schedulern, Zustandsmaschinen und ereignisgesteuerten Konzepten. Der Fokus liegt auf der Praxis: Sensoren, Displays, Kommunikation und reale Anwendungen werden Schritt für Schritt integriert und mit verständlich kommentierten Beispielprogrammen erklärt. Fortgeschrittene Themen umfassen: Multicore-Programmierung mit dem Raspberry Pi Pico asynchrones Programmieren mit uasyncio RTOS-Grundlagen mit FreeRTOS die Kombination aus Multicore und RTOS Dabei werden auch die Grenzen dieser Techniken, insbesondere unter MicroPython, klar aufgezeigt. Das Buch richtet sich an ambitionierte Einsteiger und fortgeschrittene Entwickler, die Embedded-Systeme fundiert verstehen und robuste, wartbare Multitasking-Anwendungen entwickeln möchten.

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Het Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board bevat alle componenten (incl. Arduino Nano) die nodig zijn voor de oefeningen, zoals LED’s, schakelaars, drukknoppen, buzzer enz. Ook externe sensoren, motoren of modules kunnen worden gecheckt of bestuurd met dit microcontroller-trainingssysteem. Specificaties (Arduino Nano Training Board MCCAB) Voeding Via de USB-aansluiting van de aangesloten pc of een externe voeding (niet inbegrepen) Spanning +5 Vcc Ingangsspanning Alle ingangen 0 V tot +5 V VX1 en VX2 +8 V tot +12 V (alleen bij gebruik van een externe voeding) Hardware LCD 2x16 karakters Potentiometer P1 & P2 JP3: Selectie van de werkspanning van P1 & P2 Verdelers SV4: Verdeler voor de werkspanningenSV5, SV6: Verdelers voor de in-/uitgangen van de microcontroller Schakelaars en knoppen RESET knop op de Arduino Nano module; 6x drukknop schakelaars K1 ... K6; 6x Schuifschakelaars S1 ... S6; JP2: Jumper van de schakelaars met de ingangen van de microcontroller Buzzer Piezo buzzer ‘Buzzer1’ met jumper op JP6 Indicator LED’s 11 x LED: Status indicator voor de ingangen/uitgangen LED L op de Arduino Nano module, aangesloten op GPIO D13 JP6; Aansluiting van LED's LD10 ... LD20 met GPIO's D2 ... D12 Seriële interfacesSPI & I²C JP4: Selectie van het signaal op pin X van de SPI-connector SV12 SV9 naar SV12: SPI-interface (3,3 V/5 V) of I²C-interface Uitgangen voor externe apparaten SV1, SV7: Geschakelde uitgang (maximaal +24 V/160 mA, extern aangesloten) SV2: 2x13 pinnen voor aansluiting van externe modules 3x3 LED matrix(9 rode LED's) SV3: Kolommen van de 3x3 LED matrix (uitgangen D6 ... D8) JP1: Verbinding van de rijen met de GPIO's D3 ... D5 Software MCCABLib library Controle van hardware componenten (schakelaars, knoppen, LED's, 3x3 LED matrix, buzzer) op het MCCAB Training Board Werktemperatuur Tot +40 °C Afmetingen 100 x 100 x 20 mm Specificaties (Arduino Nano) Microcontroller ATmega328P Architectuur AVR Spanning 5 V Flash memory 32 KB, waarvan 2 KB gebruikt door de bootloader SRAM 2 KB Kloksnelheid 16 MHz Analoge IN Pinnen 8 EEPROM 1 KB DC stroom per I/O-pin 40 mA op één I/O-pin, totaal maximaal 200 mA op alle pinnen samen Ingangsspanning 7-12 V Digitale I/O-pinnen 22 (waarvan 6 PWM) PWM Uitgangen 6 Stroomverbruik 19 mA Afmetingen 18 x 45 mm Gewicht 7 g Inbegrepen 1x Elektor Arduino Nano Training Board MCCAB 1x Arduino Nano

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If you have the right tools, designing a microprocessor shouldn’t be complicated. The Verilog hardware description language (HDL) is one such tool. It can enable you to depict, simulate, and synthesize an electronic design, and thus increase your productivity by reducing the overall workload associated with a given project.Monte Dalrymple’s Microprocessor Design Using Verilog HDL is a practical guide to processor design in the real world. It presents the Verilog HDL in a straightforward fashion and serves as a detailed introduction to reducing the computer architecture and as an instruction set to practice. You’re led through the microprocessor design process from start to finish, and essential topics ranging from writing in Verilog to debugging and testing are laid bare.The book details the following, and more: Verilog HDL Review: data types, bit widths/labeling, operations, statements, and design hierarchy Verilog Coding Style: files vs. modules, indentation, and design organization Design Work: instruction set architecture, external bus interface, and machine cycle Microarchitecture: design spreadsheet and essential worksheets (e.g., Operation, Instruction Code, and Next State) Writing in Verilog: choosing encoding, assigning states in a state machine, and files (e.g., defines.v, hierarchy.v, machine.v) Debugging, Verification, and Testing: debugging requirements, verification requirements, testing requirements, and the test bench Post Simulation: enhancements and reduction to practice Monte Dalrymple received a BSEE (with highest honors) and an MSEE from the University of California at Berkeley, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Monte started his career at Zilog, where he designed a number of successful products, including the Serial Communication Controller (SCC) family and the Universal Serial Controller (USC) family. He was also the architect and lead designer of the Z380 microprocessor. Monte started his own company, Systemyde International Corp., in 1995, and has been doing contract design work ever since. He designed all five generations of Rabbit microprocessors, a Z180 clone that is flying on the Juno mission to Jupiter, and a Z8000 clone that flies in a commercial avionics air data computer. Monte holds 16 patents as well as both amateur and commercial radio licenses. Monte wrote 10 articles for Circuit Cellar magazine between 1996 and 2010. He recently completed a side project to replace the CPU in an HP-41C calculator with a modern FPGA-based version.

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Third, extended and revised edition with AVR Playground and Elektor Uno R4 Arduino boards have become hugely successful. They are simple to use and inexpensive. This book will not only familiarize you with the world of Arduino but it will also teach you how to program microcontrollers in general. In this book theory is put into practice on an Arduino board using the Arduino programming environment. Some hardware is developed too: a multi-purpose shield to build some of the experiments from the first 10 chapters on; the AVR Playground, a real Arduino-based microcontroller development board for comfortable application development, and the Elektor Uno R4, an Arduino Uno R3 on steroids. The author, an Elektor Expert, provides the reader with the basic theoretical knowledge necessary to program any microcontroller: inputs and outputs (analog and digital), interrupts, communication busses (RS-232, SPI, I²C, 1-wire, SMBus, etc.), timers, and much more. The programs and sketches presented in the book show how to use various common electronic components: matrix keyboards, displays (LED, alphanumeric and graphic color LCD), motors, sensors (temperature, pressure, humidity, sound, light, and infrared), rotary encoders, piezo buzzers, pushbuttons, relays, etc. This book will be your first book about microcontrollers with a happy ending! This book is for you if you are a beginner in microcontrollers, an Arduino user (hobbyist, tinkerer, artist, etc.) wishing to deepen your knowledge,an Electronics Graduate under Undergraduate student or a teacher looking for ideas. Thanks to Arduino the implementation of the presented concepts is simple and fun. Some of the proposed projects are very original: Money Game Misophone (a musical fork) Car GPS Scrambler Weather Station DCF77 Decoder Illegal Time Transmitter Infrared Remote Manipulator Annoying Sound Generator Italian Horn Alarm Overheating Detector PID Controller Data Logger SVG File Oscilloscope 6-Channel Voltmeter All projects and code examples in this book have been tried and tested on an Arduino Uno board. They should also work with the Arduino Mega and every other compatible board that exposes the Arduino shield extension connectors. Please note For this book, the author has designed a versatile printed circuit board that can be stacked on an Arduino board. The assembly can be used not only to try out many of the projects presented in this book but also allows for new exercises that in turn provide the opportunity to discover new techniques. Also available is a kit of parts including the PCB and all components. With this kit you can build most of the circuits described in the book and more. Datasheets Active Components Used (.PDF file): ATmega328 (Arduino Uno) ATmega2560 (Arduino Mega 2560) BC547 (bipolar transistor, chapters 7, 8, 9) BD139 (bipolar power transistor, chapter 10) BS170 (N-MOS transistor, chapter 8) DCF77 (receiver module, chapter 9) DS18B20 (temperature sensor, chapter 10) DS18S20 (temperature sensor, chapter 10) HP03S (pressure sensor, chapter 8) IRF630 (N-MOS power transistor, chapter 7) IRF9630 (P-MOS power transistor, chapter 7) LMC6464 (quad op-amp, chapter 7) MLX90614 (infrared sensor, chapter 10) SHT11 (humidity sensor, chapter 8) TS922 (dual op-amp, chapter 9) TSOP34836 (infrared receiver, chapter 9) TSOP1736 (infrared receiver, chapter 9) MPX4115 (analogue pressure sensor, chapter 11) MCCOG21605B6W-SPTLYI (I²C LCD, chapter 12) SST25VF016B (SPI EEPROM, chapter 13) About the author Clemens Valens, born in the Netherlands, lives in France since 1997. Manager at Elektor Labs and Webmaster of ElektorLabs, in love with electronics, he develops microcontroller systems for fun, and sometimes for his employer too. Polyglot—he is fluent in C, C++, PASCAL, BASIC and several assembler dialects—Clemens spends most of his time on his computer while his wife, their two children and two cats try to attract his attention (only the cats succeed). Visit the author’s website: www.polyvalens.com.Authentic testimony of Hervé M., one of the first readers of the book:'I almost cried with joy when this book made me understand things in only three sentences that seemed previously completely impenetrable.'

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The Internet of Things is rapidly gaining interest, and that has fueled the development of the Edison. A tiny computer, the size of a postage stamp, with a lot of power and built-in wireless communication capabilities. In this eBook we will help you get up-to-speed with the Edison, by installing the software both on the Edison as well as on your Windows PC. We will use the Edison Arduino break-out board because it is easy to work with. We will discuss Linux, Arduino C++ and Python, and show examples of how the Edison can interface with other hardware. We will use Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to set up wireless connections, and show you a trick to program sketches over Wi-Fi. Once you have completed this book your Edison will be up and running with the latest software version, and you will have sufficient knowledge of both hardware and software to start making your own applications. You will even be able to program the Edison over USB and wireless both in Arduino C++ and Python. This is not a projects eBook, but a toolbox that will allow you to explore the wonderful world of the Intel Edison!

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Dit boek bevat 50 leuke en spannende projecten met PIC microcontrollers zoals een laser alarm, USB plaagmuis, eierwekker, jongerenverjager, geluidsschakelaar, capacitieve vloeistofniveau meting, 'vinger in het water' sensor, bewaking van een ruimte met een camera, 220 volt lichtdimmer, pratende microcontroller en nog veel meer. Er komen talloze technieken aan de orde zoals relais, wisselstroomregeling (ook 220 volt), I2C, SPI, RS232, USB, puls breedte modulatie, rotary encoder, interrupts, infrarood, analoog-digitaal conversie (en andersom), 7-segment display en zelfs CAN bus. U kunt dit boek gebruiken om de verschillende projecten na te bouwen en daarna in de praktijk te brengen. Door de duidelijke uitleg, schema's en zelfs foto's van de opstelling is het nabouwen een leuke bezigheid. Bij ieder project wordt uitgelegd waarom het juist op die manier is uitgevoerd, en wordt kort de theorie behandeld. U kunt dit boek dus gebruiken als studieboek, of als basis voor grotere en ingewikkeldere projecten. Alle schakelingen zijn op een steekbord uitgevoerd zodat uitbreiden en aanpassen gemakkelijk is. De drie PIC microcontrollers die in dit boek gebruikt worden, zijn de 16f877A, 18f4455 en 18f4685. Daarnaast komt aan de orde hoe u de programma's van de ene naar de andere microcontroller kunt overzetten (er worden 15 types ondersteund) inclusief twee praktijkvoorbeelden. Alle benodigde software kunt u gratis downloaden. Dat geldt ook voor de open source programmeertaal JAL. Deze krachtige maar toch eenvoudig te leren taal wordt zowel door hobbyisten als professionals gebruikt. Dit boek is ook goed te gebruiken als naslagwerk. U kunt er de uitleg van alle opdrachten van de programmeertaal JAL in terugvinden, en tevens van de gebruikte uitbreidingsbibliotheken. Via de index vindt u gemakkelijk projecten die als voorbeeld kunnen dienen voor de belangrijkste JAL opdrachten. Zelfs wanneer u alle projecten een keer gemaakt hebt, zal dit boek nog lang een plekje naast uw PC behouden.

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PC USB Logic Analyzers with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Co. Step-by-step instructions guide you through the analysis of modern protocols such as I²C, SPI, UART, RS-232, NeoPixel, WS28xx, HD44780 and 1-Wire. With the help of numerous experimental circuits based on the Raspberry Pi Pico, Arduino Uno and the Bus Pirate, you will learn the practical application of popular USB logic analyzers. All the experimental circuits presented in this book have been fully tested and are fully functional. The necessary program listings are included – no special programming or electronics knowledge is required for these circuits. The programming languages used are MicroPython and C along with the development environments Thonny and Arduino IDE. This book uses several models of flexible and widely available USB logic analyzers and shows the strengths and weaknesses of each price range. You will learn about the criteria that matter for your work and be able to find the right device for you. Whether Arduino, Raspberry Pi or Raspberry Pi Pico, the example circuits shown allow you to get started quickly with protocol analysis and can also serve as a basis for your own experiments. After reading this book, you will be familiar with all the important terms and contexts, conduct your own experiments, analyze protocols independently, culminating in a comprehensive knowledge set of digital signals and protocols.

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