Zoekresultaten voor "forums"

Theory, LTspice Simulation, and Hands-On Projects MOSFETs are essential components in modern electronics, used in switching, amplification, motor control, power conversion, digital logic, and audio circuits. This book offers a practical introduction to MOSFET technology, combining clear explanations with LTspice simulations and hands-on projects. Starting with semiconductor fundamentals, you will learn how MOSFETs operate, how they compare with BJTs, and how to apply them in real circuits. The book then progresses from basic switching applications to more advanced designs. You will learn how to: Understand N-channel and P-channel MOSFET operation Work with cutoff, triode, and saturation regions Simulate and analyze circuits using LTspice Build switching circuits for LEDs, relays, buzzers, sensors, and motors Create sensor circuits for light, temperature, touch, tilt, reed switches, and PIR motion detection Control motors and fans using PWM and H-bridge circuits Design MOSFET small-signal amplifiers Build astable, Colpitts, Hartley, phase-shift, and Pierce oscillators Experiment with MOSFET digital logic Explore buck and boost DC-DC converters Understand the basics of MOSFET audio power amplifiers Written for engineers, students, and experienced makers, this book connects theory with simulation and practical construction, giving you the knowledge and experience to design and experiment with MOSFET circuits with confidence.

Lees (+) (–)

If you can describe it, you can build it AI coding assistants are changing what makers and solopreneurs can build. Tasks that once demanded weeks of learning a new language, framework, or software stack can now be delegated to an AI—provided you know how to describe the job, judge the result, and keep control of the process. The Maker’s Guide to AI Coding is a practical guide to doing exactly that. It explains how to work with AI coding tools as collaborators rather than vending machines, how much to delegate, how to write specifications that produce useful results, and how to recognise hallucinations, context drift, overconfidence, and code that runs but is still wrong. The book is built around four increasingly ambitious projects. You begin with a browser-based RC filter analyser, then develop a live serial data plotter for Arduino and other microcontrollers. Next comes a datasheet questionand- answer tool using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), followed by a complete multi-user resource booking system with authentication, a database, external services, background jobs, and deployment. No advanced programming background is required. The emphasis is on thinking clearly, guiding the AI, testing what it produces, and preserving the skills needed to evaluate its work. Along the way, you learn development workflow designed to remain useful as tools evolve. If you can describe what you want to build, this book shows you how to turn that description into working software.

Lees (+) (–)

Vom Messwert zur stabilen Entscheidung Wie wird aus einem einfachen Mikrocontroller ein intelligentes System, das Sensorwerte erfasst, verarbeitet und sinnvoll darauf reagiert? Dieses Buch zeigt es Ihnen Schritt für Schritt – verständlich, praxisnah und ohne unnötige Vorkenntnisse. Sie beginnen mit den Grundlagen der digitalen und analogen Ein- und Ausgänge. Anschließend lernen Sie, wie Sensorwerte gelesen, geglättet und zuverlässig bewertet werden. Anschauliche Beispiele erklären, warum einzelne Messwerte oft täuschen können und wie Mittelwertbildung, Hysterese und einfache Entscheidungsregeln für stabile Ergebnisse sorgen. Nach und nach erweitern Sie Ihre Projekte um Displays, I²C-Kommunikation und mehrere vernetzte Mikrocontroller. So entstehen verteilte Systeme, in denen Raspberry Pi Pico und ATtiny-Controller Daten austauschen und gemeinsam Aufgaben übernehmen. Im fortgeschrittenen Teil erhalten Sie einen leicht verständlichen Einstieg in Merkmalsbildung, Datenvorverarbeitung, hybride Entscheidungsmodelle und TinyML-nahe Anwendungen. Dabei verbinden Sie klassische Regelungstechnik mit modernen datenbasierten Methoden. Alle Projekte werden von ausführlich kommentierten Programmen in C und MicroPython begleitet. Das Buch richtet sich an Einsteiger, Maker, Studierende und alle, die Embedded-Systeme von Grund auf verstehen möchten. Am Ende können Sie eigene Systeme entwickeln, die nicht nur messen, sondern Informationen auswerten, zuverlässige Entscheidungen treffen und gezielt reagieren.

Lees (+) (–)

De FNIRDSI DSO-TC4 is een multifunctionele transistor-oscilloscoop die zowel uitgebreid als praktisch is. Het is ontworpen voor gebruik in onderhouds- en R&D-toepassingen, waarbij een oscilloscoop, transistortester en signaalgenerator in één apparaat worden geïntegreerd. Kenmerken Uitgerust met een 2,8-inch TFT-kleurenscherm voor een helder en intuïtief display Ingebouwde oplaadbare lithiumbatterij met hoge capaciteit (1500 mAh) met een stand-bytijd van maximaal 4 uur Compact en lichtgewicht, ideaal voor mobiel gebruik Specificaties Oscilloscoop Analoge bandbreedte 10 MHz Real-time bemonsteringsfrequentie 48 MSa/s Ingangsimpedantie 1 MΩ Koppelingsmodus AC/DC Testspanningsbereik 1:1-sonde: 80 Vpp (+40 V) 10:1 Sonde: 800 Vpp (+400 V) Verticale gevoeligheid 10 mV/div~10 V/div (X1-bereik) Verticale verplaatsing Instelbaar met indicatie Tijdbasisbereik 50ns~20s Triggermodus Auto/Normal/Single Triggertype Rising edge, Falling edge Triggerniveau Instelbaar met indicatie Waveform Freeze Ja (HOLD-functie) Automatische meting Max, Min, Avg, RMS, Vpp, Frequency, Cycle, Duty Cycle Transistortester Transistor Versterkingsfactor "hfe"; Basis-emitterspanning "Ube", Ic/Ie, collector-emitter omgekeerde lekstroom "Iceo", Ices, voorwaartse spanningsval van beschermingsdiode "Uf" Diode Voorwaartse spanningsval <5 V (voorwaartse spanningsval, junctiecapaciteit, omgekeerde lekstroom) Zenerdiode 0,01~32 V Omgekeerde doorslagspanning (K-A-A-testgebied) Veldeffecttransistor (FET) JFET: Gatecapaciteit "Cg", Drainstroom Id onder "Vgs", voorwaartse spanningsval van beschermingsdiode "Uf" IGBT: Drainstroom Id onder Vgs, Voorwaartse spanningsval van beschermingsdiode Uf MIOSTET: Drempelspanning "Vt", Gatecapaciteit "Cg", Drain-Sourceweerstand "Rds", Voorwaartse spanningsval van beschermingsdiode "Uf" Unidirectionele SCR Triggerspanning <5V, Gateniveau (Gatespanning) Bidirectionele SCR Triggerstroom <6mA (Gatespanning) Condensator 25pF~100mF, Capaciteitswaarde, Verliesfactor "Vloss" Weerstand 0,01Ω~50MΩ Inductor 10μH~1000μH, DC-weerstand DS18B20 Temperatuursensor, pinnen: GND, DQ, VDD DHT11 Temperatuur- en vochtigheidssensor, pinnen: VDD, DATA, GND Signaalgenerator Uitgangsgolfvorm Ondersteunt 13 golfvormuitgangen Golfvormfrequentie 0-50 KHz Vierkante golf-inschakelduur 0-100% Golfvormamplitude 0,1-3,0 V Algemeen 2,8-inch TFT-kleurenscherm Achtergrondverlichting Helderheid instelbaar Voeding USB-C (5 V/1 A） Batterij 3,7 V/1500 mAh Talen Engels, Duits, Spaans, Portugees, Russisch, Chinees, Japans, Koreaans Afmetingen 90 x 142 x 27,5 mm Gewicht 186 g Inbegrepen 1x FNIRSI DSO-TC4 (3-in-1) Oscilloscoop (10 MHz) 1x P6100-oscilloscoopsonde (10X) 1x Krokodillenklemsonde 3x Testhaken 1x Adapter 1x USB-C-oplaadkabel 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware V0.0.7 (+V1.0.9)

Lees (+) (–)

Developing CoAP applications for Thread networks with Zephyr This book will guide you through the operation of Thread, the setup of a Thread network, and the creation of your own Zephyr-based OpenThread applications to use it. You’ll acquire knowledge on: The capture of network packets on Thread networks using Wireshark and the nRF Sniffer for 802.15.4. Network simulation with the OpenThread Network Simulator. Connecting a Thread network to a non-Thread network using a Thread Border Router. The basics of Thread networking, including device roles and types, as well as the diverse types of unicast and multicast IPv6 addresses used in a Thread network. The mechanisms behind network discovery, DNS queries, NAT64, and multicast addresses. The process of joining a Thread network using network commissioning. CoAP servers and clients and their OpenThread API. Service registration and discovery. Securing CoAP messages with DTLS, using a pre-shared key or X.509 certificates. Investigating and optimizing a Thread device’s power consumption. Once you‘ve set up a Thread network with some devices and tried connecting and disconnecting them, you’ll have gained a good insight into the functionality of a Thread network, including its self-healing capabilities. After you’ve experimented with all code examples in this book, you’ll also have gained useful programming experience using the OpenThread API and CoAP.

Lees (+) (–)

Theory, LTspice Simulation, and Hands-On Projects MOSFETs are essential components in modern electronics, used in switching, amplification, motor control, power conversion, digital logic, and audio circuits. This book offers a practical introduction to MOSFET technology, combining clear explanations with LTspice simulations and hands-on projects. Starting with semiconductor fundamentals, you will learn how MOSFETs operate, how they compare with BJTs, and how to apply them in real circuits. The book then progresses from basic switching applications to more advanced designs. You will learn how to: Understand N-channel and P-channel MOSFET operation Work with cutoff, triode, and saturation regions Simulate and analyze circuits using LTspice Build switching circuits for LEDs, relays, buzzers, sensors, and motors Create sensor circuits for light, temperature, touch, tilt, reed switches, and PIR motion detection Control motors and fans using PWM and H-bridge circuits Design MOSFET small-signal amplifiers Build astable, Colpitts, Hartley, phase-shift, and Pierce oscillators Experiment with MOSFET digital logic Explore buck and boost DC-DC converters Understand the basics of MOSFET audio power amplifiers Written for engineers, students, and experienced makers, this book connects theory with simulation and practical construction, giving you the knowledge and experience to design and experiment with MOSFET circuits with confidence.

Lees (+) (–)

Practical Multitasking Fundamentals Programming embedded systems is difficult because of resource constraints and limited debugging facilities. Why develop your own Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) as well as your application when the proven FreeRTOS software is freely available? Why not start with a validated foundation? Every software developer knows that you must divide a difficult problem into smaller ones to conquer it. Using separate preemptive tasks and FreeRTOS communication mechanisms, a clean separation of functions is achieved within the entire application. This results in safe and maintainable designs. Practicing engineers and students alike can use this book and the ESP32 Arduino environment to wade into FreeRTOS concepts at a comfortable pace. The well-organized text enables you to master each concept before starting the next chapter. Practical breadboard experiments and schematics are included to bring the lessons home. Experience is the best teacher. Each chapter includes exercises to test your knowledge. The coverage of the FreeRTOS Application Programming Interface (API) is complete for the ESP32 Arduino environment. You can apply what you learn to other FreeRTOS environments, including Espressif’s ESP-IDF. The source code is available from GitHub. All of these resources put you in the driver’s seat when it is time to develop your next uber-cool ESP32 project. What you will learn: How preemptive scheduling works within FreeRTOS The Arduino startup “loopTask” Message queues FreeRTOS timers and the IDLE task The semaphore, mutex, and their differences The mailbox and its application Real-time task priorities and its effect Interrupt interaction and use with FreeRTOS Queue sets Notifying tasks with events Event groups Critical sections Task local storage The gatekeeper task

Lees (+) (–)

Learning Embedded Systems with STM32 Nucleo Boards Programming compact electronic systems is now easier to get started with than ever before. Affordable development boards, powerful software tools, and readily available documentation make it possible to turn an idea into a working prototype in very little time. MicroPython plays an important role in this development by offering a readable, interactive way to control microcontrollers while still providing direct access to their hardware features. This book explores embedded programming with MicroPython using an STM32-based Nucleo board. It shows how a microcontroller continuously interacts with its environment by reading inputs, processing information, and controlling outputs. Step by step, you will learn to flash LEDs, measure analog signals, work with sensors, control actuators, and exchange data with other devices. The built-in REPL makes it easy to test instructions immediately, inspect results, and learn through experimentation. Although microcontroller boards differ in size, speed, memory, and peripherals, the fundamental concepts remain largely the same. Digital input and output, analog conversion, timers, PWM, interrupts, and serial communication are the essential building blocks of embedded applications. By concentrating on these transferable principles, the book provides a foundation that remains useful when moving to other boards, processors, or development environments. It is intended both for newcomers and for programmers who want to expand into embedded systems. MicroPython offers a practical route into this field, combining quick results with a clear understanding of how software and hardware work together.

Lees (+) (–)

As demand for solar panel installation has risen sharply, especially for installations larger than balcony power plants, the order books of solar companies are full. If you ask for a quote today, you may have to wait a while, if your request isn't simply postponed indefinitely. Another consequence of the solar boom is that some companies are charging very high prices for installations. Yet there is an obvious and radical solution to the problem of excessive prices: Do it yourself, as the English say. The price of materials is currently affordable, and it's the ideal time for those who do the work themselves. They couldn't save more. Add to this the satisfaction of doing something useful, both economically and ecologically, and the pleasure of building yourself. In this special issue, you'll find a wide selection of Elektor assemblies, from solar panel controllers to solar water heaters and solar panel orientation systems. The issue also contains practical information on solar panel installation and the technology behind them. Finally, there are a number of articles on the subject of balcony power plants, from how to install them to how to connect them to the Internet... Contents BASICS Dimensioning Photovoltaic Panel ArraysAn introduction to photovoltaic energy and the commonest techniques,followed by simplified calculation models and setup guidelines. Light Sensor TechnologyMeasuring daylight using LEDs. Solar Power Made SimpleSolar charging with and without a controller. Cable Cross-sections and Energy Losses in Solar SystemsKey considerations on the minimum values to respect for electricalcurrent in solar panel cabling. Solar ModulesEverything you always wanted to know about solar panels... Ideal Diode ControllerDiode Circuits with Low Power Dissipation. TIPS Tracking for Solar Modules zBot Solar/Battery Power Supply Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Solar Cell Voltage Regulator Solar-Powered Night Light Alternative Solar Battery Charger PROJECTS Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption. Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out. A Do-It-Yourself DTURead Data from Small Inverters by μC. Solar ChargerPortable energy for people on the move. Solar Thermal Energy RegulatorMaximum power point tracking explored. 2-amp Maximum Power Tracking ChargerSolar Power To The Max. Computer-driven HeliostatFollow the sun or the stars. Garden LightingUsing solar cells. Solar Panel Voltage Converter for IoT DevicesYes we CAN exploit indoor lighting. Travel ChargerFree power in the mountains. Solar Cell Battery Charger/MonitorWith protection against deep discharge. Solar-powered Battery ChargerPIC12C671 avoids overcharging and deep charging. Converters for Photovoltaic PanelsContributed by TME (Transfer MultisortElektronik). Solar Charging RegulatorFor panels up to 53 watts. Solar-Powered ChargerFor lead-acid batteries. CAN Bus + Arduino for Solar PV Cell MonitoringDetect and locate serviceable panels in large arrays. Balcony Power Plant 2.0The latest: solar panels, installation and inverters

Lees (+) (–)

Deze complete programmeercursus voor de ESP32-microcontroller bevat een leerboek, een componentenkit, praktijkgerichte projecten en een uitgebreide online cursus met simulaties. Ideaal om stap voor stap embedded systems te leren programmeren in MicroPython via een praktische, hands-on aanpak. Een praktische introductie tot embedded systems met de ESP32 Deze cursus is ontworpen voor beginners in embedded systems die op zoek zijn naar een gestructureerde en voorbeeldgerichte start. Een kit met LED’s en weerstanden, schakelaars, sensoren en actuatoren, displays, een breadboard en draden is inbegrepen. Deze worden in de cursus gebruikt om voorbeeldtoepassingen te demonstreren. Er is geen voorkennis van Arduino of embedded ontwikkeling vereist. Elke sectie bevat praktische voorbeelden en mini-projecten om belangrijke concepten te versterken en verdere verkenning te stimuleren. Aan het einde van de cursus kunt u niet alleen de voorbeelden reproduceren, maar ook uitbreiden met uw eigen ideeën en toepassingen. Wat leert u? Microcontrollers programmeren in MicroPython met de ESP32 met behulp van de Thonny IDE Werken met digitale I/O, knoppen en encoders uitlezen, LED’s en relais aansturen Analoge ingangen, spanningen en sensoren uitlezen Genereren van analoge uitgangssignalen en PWM Gebruik van seriële communicatie zoals UART, I²C en SPI om displays aan te sturen en digitale sensoren en SD-kaarten uit te lezen Tijdbeheer Werken met interrupts Realtime sensorinput en besturing via knoppen, LED’s en displays Aansturen van actuatoren zoals relais en servomotoren Voor wie is dit? Studenten en zelflerenden die embedded systems willen ontdekken Makers en IoT-enthousiastelingen die hun hardwarevaardigheden willen verbeteren Docenten en trainers die kant-en-klaar lesmateriaal zoeken Wat zit er in de doos? Toegang tot de volledige cursus op het Elektor Academy Pro leerplatform ESP32 microcontrollerboard + USB-kabel Boek: Programming Microcontrollers in MicroPython Downloadbare projectbestanden voor elke module Componentenkit: 2× LED, rood, 5 mm LED, groen, 5 mm 3× weerstand, 470 Ω, 0,25 W LDR Potentiometer, 10 kΩ, lineair Drukknop Rotary encoder module Relaismodule DHT22 temperatuur- en vochtigheidssensor TM1637-compatibel 4-digit 7-segment display MPU-6050 IMU met headers SSD1306-compatibel I²C OLED display Micro SD-kaartadapter met header Buzzer SG90 micro servo ILI9341-compatibel SPI 240×320 TFT display 20× jumper wires Breadboard Alle programmeercursussen (en verschillen in inhoud) Cursus Arduino Raspberry Pi Pico with Arduino C/C++ ESP32 with Arduino C/C++ Raspberry Pi Pico with MicroPython ESP32 with MicroPython Online cursus Access to Arduino Course Access to Pico with Arduino C/C++ Course Access to ESP32 with Arduino C/C++ Course Access to Pico with MicroPython Course Access to ESP32 with MicroPython Course Board Uno R3 Raspberry Pi Pico ESP32 Raspberry Pi Pico ESP32 Boek Programming Microcontrollers in C/C++ Using Arduino Programming Microcontrollers in C/C++ Using Arduino Programming Microcontrollers in C/C++ Using Arduino Programming Microcontrollers in MicroPython Programming Microcontrollers in MicroPython Kit 40-delige componenten-kit 40-delige componenten-kit 40-delige componenten-kit 40-delige componenten-kit 40-delige componenten-kit

Lees (+) (–)

Hands-on in more than 50 projects STM32 Nucleo family of processors are manufactured by STMicroelectronics. These are low-cost ARM microcontroller development boards. This book is about developing projects using the popular STM32CubeIDE software with the Nucleo-L476RG development board. In the early Chapters of the book the architecture of the Nucleo family is briefly described. The book covers many projects using most features of the Nucleo-L476RG development board where the full software listings for the STM32CubeIDE are given for each project together with extensive descriptions. The projects range from simple flashing LEDs to more complex projects using modules, devices, and libraries such as GPIO, ADC, DAC, I²C, SPI, LCD, DMA, analogue inputs, power management, X-CUBE-MEMS1 library, DEBUGGING, and others. In addition, several projects are given using the popular Nucleo Expansion Boards. These Expansion Boards plug on top of the Nucleo development boards and provide sensors, relays, accelerometers, gyroscopes, Wi-Fi, and many others. Using an expansion board together with the X-CUBE-MEMS1 library simplifies the task of project development considerably. All the projects in the book have been tested and are working. The following sub-headings are given for each project: Project Title, Description, Aim, Block Diagram, Circuit Diagram, and Program Listing for the STM32CubeIDE. In this book you will learn about STM32 microcontroller architecture; the Nucleo-L476RG development board in projects using the STM32CubeIDE integrated software development tool; external and internal interrupts and DMA; DEBUG, a program developed using the STM32CubeIDE; the MCU in Sleep, Stop, and in Standby modes; Nucleo Expansion Boards with the Nucleo development boards. What you need a PC with Internet connection and a USB port; STM32CubeIDE software (available at STMicroelectronics website free of charge) the project source files, available from the book’s webpage hosted by Elektor; Nucleo-L476RG development board; simple electronic devices such as LEDs, temperature sensor, I²C and SPI chips, and a few more; Nucleo Expansion Boards (optional).

Lees (+) (–)

AI Projects for the Raspberry Pi with the AI HAT+ Edge AI is transforming everyday devices by putting intelligence where it matters most: directly inside the hardware. With on-device inference, a camera can recognize a visitor instantly, a phone can translate speech without streaming audio to the cloud, and a wearable can detect anomalies in real time—fast, private, and reliable even when the network disappears. This book is your practical guide to building exactly those kinds of systems with the Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ and the Hailo-8L accelerator. You’ll start with clear foundations: core AI and machine-learning concepts, how neural networks work, and what truly distinguishes Edge AI from cloud AI—plus an honest look at ethical considerations and future impacts. Then it’s straight to hands-on physical computing. Step by step, you’ll set up Raspberry Pi OS, power and cooling, and develop in Python using the Thonny IDE. You’ll learn GPIO basics with lights and servos, mount the AI HAT+ hardware, install and verify the Hailo software stack, and connect the right camera—official modules or USB webcams, even multiple cameras. From your first pipeline to real projects, you’ll run person detection, pose estimation, segmentation, and depth estimation, then level up with YOLO object detection: smart alerts, guest counters, and custom extensions. You’ll even connect vision to motion by combining gesture recognition with servo-driven mechanisms, including a robotic arm. With troubleshooting tips, hardware essentials, and a practical Python refresher, this book turns Edge AI from buzzword into buildable reality.

Lees (+) (–)