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Hands-on in more than 50 projects STM32 Nucleo family of processors are manufactured by STMicroelectronics. These are low-cost ARM microcontroller development boards. This book is about developing projects using the popular STM32CubeIDE software with the Nucleo-L476RG development board. In the early Chapters of the book the architecture of the Nucleo family is briefly described. The book covers many projects using most features of the Nucleo-L476RG development board where the full software listings for the STM32CubeIDE are given for each project together with extensive descriptions. The projects range from simple flashing LEDs to more complex projects using modules, devices, and libraries such as GPIO, ADC, DAC, I²C, SPI, LCD, DMA, analogue inputs, power management, X-CUBE-MEMS1 library, DEBUGGING, and others. In addition, several projects are given using the popular Nucleo Expansion Boards. These Expansion Boards plug on top of the Nucleo development boards and provide sensors, relays, accelerometers, gyroscopes, Wi-Fi, and many others. Using an expansion board together with the X-CUBE-MEMS1 library simplifies the task of project development considerably. All the projects in the book have been tested and are working. The following sub-headings are given for each project: Project Title, Description, Aim, Block Diagram, Circuit Diagram, and Program Listing for the STM32CubeIDE. In this book you will learn about STM32 microcontroller architecture; the Nucleo-L476RG development board in projects using the STM32CubeIDE integrated software development tool; external and internal interrupts and DMA; DEBUG, a program developed using the STM32CubeIDE; the MCU in Sleep, Stop, and in Standby modes; Nucleo Expansion Boards with the Nucleo development boards. What you need a PC with Internet connection and a USB port; STM32CubeIDE software (available at STMicroelectronics website free of charge) the project source files, available from the book’s webpage hosted by Elektor; Nucleo-L476RG development board; simple electronic devices such as LEDs, temperature sensor, I²C and SPI chips, and a few more; Nucleo Expansion Boards (optional).

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Projects with Thonny-IDE, uPyCraft-IDE, and ESP32 The 'Python' programming language has enjoyed an enormous upswing in recent years. Not least, various single-board systems such as the Raspberry Pi have contributed to its popularity. But Python has also found widespread use in other fields, such as artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML). It is obvious, therefore, to use Python or the 'MicroPython' variant for use in SoCs (Systems on Chip) as well. Powerful controllers such as the ESP32 from Espressif Systems offer excellent performance as well as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionality at an affordable price. With these features, the Maker scene has been taken by storm. Compared to other controllers, the ESP32 has a significantly larger flash and SRAM memory, as well as a much higher CPU speed. Due to these characteristics, the chip is not only suitable for classic C applications, but also for programming with MicroPython. This book introduces the application of modern one-chip systems. In addition to the technical background, the focus is on MicroPython itself. After the introduction to the language, the programming skills learned are immediately put into practice. The individual projects are suitable for use in the laboratory as well as for everyday applications. So, in addition to the actual learning effect, the focus is also on the joy of building complete and useful devices. By using laboratory breadboards, circuits of all kinds can be realized with little effort, turning the testing and debugging of the 100% homebrew projects into an instructive pleasure. The various applications, such as weather stations, digital voltmeters, ultrasound range finders, RFID card readers or function generators, make the projects presented ideally suited for practical courses or subject and study work in the natural sciences, or in science and technology classes.

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Dit boek bevat 50 leuke en spannende projecten met PIC microcontrollers zoals een laser alarm, USB plaagmuis, eierwekker, jongerenverjager, geluidsschakelaar, capacitieve vloeistofniveau meting, 'vinger in het water' sensor, bewaking van een ruimte met een camera, 220 volt lichtdimmer, pratende microcontroller en nog veel meer. Er komen talloze technieken aan de orde zoals relais, wisselstroomregeling (ook 220 volt), I2C, SPI, RS232, USB, puls breedte modulatie, rotary encoder, interrupts, infrarood, analoog-digitaal conversie (en andersom), 7-segment display en zelfs CAN bus. U kunt dit boek gebruiken om de verschillende projecten na te bouwen en daarna in de praktijk te brengen. Door de duidelijke uitleg, schema's en zelfs foto's van de opstelling is het nabouwen een leuke bezigheid. Bij ieder project wordt uitgelegd waarom het juist op die manier is uitgevoerd, en wordt kort de theorie behandeld. U kunt dit boek dus gebruiken als studieboek, of als basis voor grotere en ingewikkeldere projecten. Alle schakelingen zijn op een steekbord uitgevoerd zodat uitbreiden en aanpassen gemakkelijk is. De drie PIC microcontrollers die in dit boek gebruikt worden, zijn de 16f877A, 18f4455 en 18f4685. Daarnaast komt aan de orde hoe u de programma's van de ene naar de andere microcontroller kunt overzetten (er worden 15 types ondersteund) inclusief twee praktijkvoorbeelden. Alle benodigde software kunt u gratis downloaden. Dat geldt ook voor de open source programmeertaal JAL. Deze krachtige maar toch eenvoudig te leren taal wordt zowel door hobbyisten als professionals gebruikt. Dit boek is ook goed te gebruiken als naslagwerk. U kunt er de uitleg van alle opdrachten van de programmeertaal JAL in terugvinden, en tevens van de gebruikte uitbreidingsbibliotheken. Via de index vindt u gemakkelijk projecten die als voorbeeld kunnen dienen voor de belangrijkste JAL opdrachten. Zelfs wanneer u alle projecten een keer gemaakt hebt, zal dit boek nog lang een plekje naast uw PC behouden.

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This book contains 50 fun and exciting projects for PIC microcontrollers such as a laser alarm, USB teasing mouse, eggtimer, youth repellent, soundswitch, capacitive liquid level gauge, 'finger in the water' sensor, guarding a room using a camera, mains light dimmer (110-240 volts), talking microcontroller and much more. Several different techniques are discussed such as relay, alternating current control including mains, I²C, SPI, RS232, USB, pulse width modulation, rotary encoder, interrupts, infrared, analog-digital conversion (and the other way around), 7-segment display and even CAN bus. You can use this book to build the projects for your own use. The clear explanations, schematics and even pictures of each project make this a fun activity. For each project the theory is discussed and why the project has been executed in that particular way. That means you can also use this book as a studybook, or as basis for larger and more complicated projects. All projects use a breadboard so modification and expansion is easy. Three PIC microcontrollers are used, the 16f877A, 18f4455 and 18f4685. It is also discussed how you can migrate your project from one microcontroller to another – 15 types are supported - including two example projects. All software that is used in this book can be downloaded for free. That also applies to the open source programming language JAL. This powerful and yet easy to learn language is used by hobbyists as well as professionals. This book can also be used as a reference guide. It explains all JAL commands, as well as the expansion libraries. Using the index you can easily find example projects that illustrate the use of these commands. Even when you have built all projects in this book you will still want to keep it within arm's reach.

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The XIAO ESP32-C3 board combines the ultra-compact form factor of the XIAO series with the full capabilities of the ESP32-C3 chip, including integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0. This book is a comprehensive, hands-on guide to getting the most out of this powerful yet affordable development board. The author takes readers from the fundamentals to advanced projects. Starting with LED blinking and dimming, the book progresses to ADC and PWM for precise sensor interfacing and PWM-controlled lighting effects before moving on to building practical, real-world applications, including: A Wi-Fi weather station with an OLED display and real-time online weather data An ultrasonic parking assistant with audible feedback A refrigerator monitoring probe with climate sensing and Deep Sleep for years of battery operation A retro Pong game controlled by a touch-free sensor A microphone-based party app that responds to claps And much more: lighting control, reaction-time measurement, mains frequency analysis, soil moisture sensing, ambient LED lighting, and 7-segment displays

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PC USB Logic Analyzers with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Co. Step-by-step instructions guide you through the analysis of modern protocols such as I²C, SPI, UART, RS-232, NeoPixel, WS28xx, HD44780 and 1-Wire. With the help of numerous experimental circuits based on the Raspberry Pi Pico, Arduino Uno and the Bus Pirate, you will learn the practical application of popular USB logic analyzers. All the experimental circuits presented in this book have been fully tested and are fully functional. The necessary program listings are included – no special programming or electronics knowledge is required for these circuits. The programming languages used are MicroPython and C along with the development environments Thonny and Arduino IDE. This book uses several models of flexible and widely available USB logic analyzers and shows the strengths and weaknesses of each price range. You will learn about the criteria that matter for your work and be able to find the right device for you. Whether Arduino, Raspberry Pi or Raspberry Pi Pico, the example circuits shown allow you to get started quickly with protocol analysis and can also serve as a basis for your own experiments. After reading this book, you will be familiar with all the important terms and contexts, conduct your own experiments, analyze protocols independently, culminating in a comprehensive knowledge set of digital signals and protocols.

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Met behulp van de lessen in dit boek leert u hoe u zelf een microcontroller kunt programmeren. We maken daarbij gebruik van JAL, een gratis maar uiterst krachtige programmeertaal voor PIC microcontrollers, die in de hobbywereld erg populair is. We starten aan het absolute begin, en bouwen vandaar de kennis op. U heeft dus geen voorkennis nodig: iedereen kan met dit boek aan de slag. Wanneer u alle lessen volgt (dat wil zeggen: de oefeningen ook daadwerkelijk maakt) dan kunt u wanneer u het boek uit heeft zelf PIC microcontroller programma’s schrijven, en programma’s van anderen lezen. JAL opdrachten U leert de functie van JAL opdrachten zoals include, pin, delay, forever loop, while loop, case, exit loop, repeat until, if then, en het gebruik van functies, procedures en timer- en poortinterrupts. JAL programma’s U laat een LED knipperen, maakt een tijdschakelaar, meet de stand van een potmeter, maakt geluiden, voorkomt contactdender en regelt de helderheid van een LED. En uiteraard leert u debuggen: hoe u in uw programma’s fouten kunt vinden en oplossen. Hardware U leert verschillende onderdelen zoals PIC microcontroller, potmeter en kristal herkennen, en hoe u een PIC microcontroller aan moet sluiten en met uw PC moet verbinden. U maakt hierbij gebruik van een steekbord zodat u de opstelling gemakkelijk kunt aanpassen om verder te experimenteren.

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Program and build RPi Pico-based ham station utilities, tools, and instruments Although much classical HF and mobile equipment is still in use by large numbers of amateurs, the use of computers and digital techniques has now become very popular among amateur radio operators. Nowadays, anyone can purchase a €5 Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller board and develop many amateur radio projects using the “Pico” and some external components. This book is aimed at amateur radio enthusiasts, Electronic Engineering students, and anyone interested in learning to use the Raspberry Pi Pico to shape their electronic projects. The book is suitable for beginners in electronics as well as for those with wide experience. Step-by-step installation of the MicroPython programming environment is described. Some knowledge of the Python programming language is helpful to be able to comprehend and modify the projects given in the book. The book introduces the Raspberry Pi Pico and gives examples of many general-purpose, software-only projects that familiarize the reader with the Python programming language. In addition to the software-only projects tailored to the amateur radio operator, Chapter 6 in particular presents over 36 hardware-based projects for “hams”, including: Station mains power on/off control Radio station clock GPS based station geographical coordinates Radio station temperature and humidity Various waveform generation methods using software and hardware (DDS) Frequency counter Voltmeter / ammeter / ohmmeter / capacitance meter RF meter and RF attenuators Morse code exercisers RadioStation Click board Raspberry Pi Pico based FM radio Using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi with Raspberry Pi Pico Radio station security with RFID Audio amplifier module with rotary encoder volume control Morse decoder Using the FS1000A TX-RX modules to communicate with Arduino

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Programming the Finite State Machine with 8-Bit PICs in Assembly and C Andrew Pratt provides a detailed introduction to programming PIC microcontrollers, as well as a thorough overview of the Finite State Machine (FSM) approach to programming. Most of the book uses assembly programming, but do not be deterred. The FSM gives a structure to a program, making it easy to plan, write, and modify. The last two chapters introduce programming in C, so you can make a direct comparison between the two techniques. The book references the relevant parts of the Microchip datasheet as familiarity with it is the best way to discover detailed information. This book is aimed at Microsoft Windows and Linux users. To keep your costs to a minimum and to simplify the toolchain, specific applications are provided as a free download to enable you to use an FTDI serial lead as the programmer. The assembler used is the open-source "gpasm". All programming can be done in a text editor. There are detailed instructions on how to perform the necessary installations on Windows, Linux Debian, and derivatives such as Ubuntu and Fedora. For programming in C, Microchip's XC8 compiler is used from the command line. In addition to the programming applications, two serial read and serial write applications can be used for communicating with the PICs from a computer. A voltmeter project including practical instructions on building a circuit board from scratch is included. All theory is covered beforehand, including how to do integer arithmetic in assembly. Two PICs are covered: the PIC12F1822 and the PIC16F1823. Both can run at 32 MHz with an internal oscillator. You do not need to buy a factory-made development board and programmer. With relatively inexpensive parts including a serial lead, microcontroller, a few resistors, and LEDs, you can get started exploring embedded programming. Links Updated Programmer

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Bouw uw eigen projecten met het Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board De microcontroller is waarschijnlijk het meest fascinerende onderwerp van de moderne elektronica. Door de veelheid aan functies die hij op zijn chip combineert is het een universeel multi-tool voor ontwikkelaars om hun projecten mee te bouwen. Vrijwel elk dagelijks gebruikt apparaat wordt tegenwoordig bestuurd door een microcontroller. Voor een elektronica-leek is het realiseren van de eigen ideeën met een microcontroller echter tot nu toe een utopie gebleven vanwege de complexiteit ervan. Het Arduino-concept heeft het gebruik van microcontrollers sterk vereenvoudigd, zodat zelfs onervaren starters nu hun eigen elektronica ideeën kunnen realiseren met een microcontroller. Book & Hardware in de bundel: 'Leren door te doen' Het boek, dat ook in de bundel zit, leert ons hoe je zelfs zonder veel ervaring met elektronica en programmeertalen je eigen projecten met een microcontroller kunt bouwen. Het is een echte hands-on cursus microcontrollers voor starters. Want na een beschrijving van het inwendige van de microcontroller en een introductie in de programmeertaal C, ligt de focus van de cursus op praktische oefeningen. De lezer bouwt de nodige kennis op met 'leren door te doen': in het uitgebreide praktische gedeelte van het boek, met 12 projecten en 46 oefeningen, wordt het geleerde in het voorste deel van het boek met veel voorbeelden onderbouwd. Elke oefening wordt gevolgd door een uitgewerkt voorbeeld met uitleg en toelichting, wat de lezer helpt om de vraagstukken op te lossen en met de eigen oplossing te vergelijken. Arduino IDE De Arduino IDE is een software ontwikkelomgeving die gratis op de eigen pc kan worden gedownload, en die alle software bevat die nodig is voor uw eigen microcontroller-projecten. U schrijft de programma's ('apps') met de editor van de IDE in de programmeertaal C. En U vertaalt ze naar bits en bytes die de microcontroller begrijpt met behulp van de ingebouwde compiler van de Arduino IDE. En kunt ze vervolgens via een USB-kabel laden naar het geheugen van de microcontroller op het Elektor Arduino MCAB Nano Training Board. Externe sensoren, motoren of schakelingen checken of besturen Naast een Arduino Nano microcontroller module bevat het Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board ook alle componenten die nodig zijn voor de oefeningen, zoals LED’s, schakelaars, drukknoppen, buzzer enz. Ook externe sensoren, motoren of modules kunnen worden gecheckt of bestuurd met dit microcontroller-trainingssysteem. Specificaties (Arduino Nano Training Board MCCAB) Voeding Via de USB-aansluiting van de aangesloten pc of een externe voeding (niet inbegrepen) Spanning +5 Vcc Ingangsspanning Alle ingangen 0 V tot +5 V VX1 en VX2 +8 V tot +12 V (alleen bij gebruik van een externe voeding) Hardware LCD 2x16 karakters Potentiometer P1 & P2 JP3: Selectie van de werkspanning van P1 & P2 Verdelers SV4: Verdeler voor de werkspanningenSV5, SV6: Verdelers voor de in-/uitgangen van de microcontroller Schakelaars en knoppen RESET knop op de Arduino Nano module; 6x drukknop schakelaars K1 ... K6; 6x Schuifschakelaars S1 ... S6; JP2: Jumper van de schakelaars met de ingangen van de microcontroller Buzzer Piezo buzzer ‘Buzzer1’ met jumper op JP6 Indicator LED’s 11 x LED: Status indicator voor de ingangen/uitgangen LED L op de Arduino Nano module, aangesloten op GPIO D13 JP6; Aansluiting van LED's LD10 ... LD20 met GPIO's D2 ... D12 Seriële interfacesSPI & I²C JP4: Selectie van het signaal op pin X van de SPI-connector SV12 SV9 naar SV12: SPI-interface (3,3 V/5 V) of I²C-interface Uitgangen voor externe apparaten SV1, SV7: Geschakelde uitgang (maximaal +24 V/160 mA, extern aangesloten) SV2: 2x13 pinnen voor aansluiting van externe modules 3x3 LED matrix(9 rode LED's) SV3: Kolommen van de 3x3 LED matrix (uitgangen D6 ... D8) JP1: Verbinding van de rijen met de GPIO's D3 ... D5 Software MCCABLib library Controle van hardware componenten (schakelaars, knoppen, LED's, 3x3 LED matrix, buzzer) op het MCCAB Training Board Werktemperatuur Tot +40 °C Afmetingen 100 x 100 x 20 mm Specificaties (Arduino Nano) Microcontroller ATmega328P Architectuur AVR Spanning 5 V Flash memory 32 KB, waarvan 2 KB gebruikt door de bootloader SRAM 2 KB Kloksnelheid 16 MHz Analoge IN Pinnen 8 EEPROM 1 KB DC stroom per I/O-pin 40 mA op één I/O-pin, totaal maximaal 200 mA op alle pinnen samen Ingangsspanning 7-12 V Digitale I/O-pinnen 22 (waarvan 6 PWM) PWM Uitgangen 6 Stroomverbruik 19 mA Afmetingen 18 x 45 mm Gewicht 7 g Inbegrepen Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board Arduino Nano Boek: Microcontrollers Hands-on Course for Arduino Starters

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Program, build, and master over 50 projects with MicroPython and the RP2040 microprocessor The Raspberry Pi Pico is a high-performance microcontroller module designed especially for physical computing. Microcontrollers differ from single-board computers, like the Raspberry Pi 4, in not having an operating system. The Raspberry Pi Pico can be programmed to run a single task very efficiently within real-time control and monitoring applications requiring speed. The ‘Pico’ as we call it, is based on the fast, efficient, and low-cost dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ RP2040 microcontroller chip running at up to 133 MHz and sporting 264 KB of SRAM, and 2 MB of Flash memory. Besides its large memory, the Pico has even more attractive features including a vast number of GPIO pins, and popular interface modules like ADC, SPI, I²C, UART, and PWM. To cap it all, the chip offers fast and accurate timing modules, a hardware debug interface, and an internal temperature sensor. The Raspberry Pi Pico is easily programmed using popular high-level languages such as MicroPython and or C/C++. This book is an introduction to using the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller in conjunction with the MicroPython programming language. The Thonny development environment (IDE) is used in all the projects described. There are over 50 working and tested projects in the book, covering the following topics: Installing the MicroPython on Raspberry Pi Pico using a Raspberry Pi or a PC Timer interrupts and external interrupts Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) projects Using the internal temperature sensor and external temperature sensor chips Datalogging projects PWM, UART, I²C, and SPI projects Using Wi-Fi and apps to communicate with smartphones Using Bluetooth and apps to communicate with smartphones Digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) projects All projects given in the book have been fully tested and are working. Only basic programming and electronics experience is required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full MicroPython program listings are given for all projects described. Readers can find the program listings on the Elektor web page created to support the book.

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With Examples for Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi Pico and ESP32 Programming small electronic systems has never been more accessible. Tasks that once demanded expensive tools, specialized hardware, and deep electrical engineering expertise can now be tackled with low-cost development boards and approachable software. At the centre of this shift is the Arduino environment, which provides a unified and familiar way to program a wide range of microcontroller platforms—from classic AVR boards like the Arduino UNO to modern ARM-based boards such as the Raspberry Pi Pico, and powerful Wi-Fi-enabled devices like the ESP32. This book introduces embedded programming through the core idea that defines all microcontrollers: reading inputs, processing information, and controlling outputs in a predictable loop. The Arduino environment abstracts much of the hardware complexity, allowing you to focus on behaviour rather than implementation details. With just a few lines of code, you can blink LEDs, read sensors, control motors, and communicate with other devices. While the Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi Pico, and ESP32 boards differ greatly in performance and features, they share the same fundamental building blocks: digital and analog I/O, timers, serial communication, PWM, interrupts, and power management. Learning these concepts within the Arduino framework builds skills that transfer easily across platforms and scale toward more advanced applications. By exploring multiple boards while maintaining a consistent programming approach, this book helps you progress from simple experiments to confidently produce well-structured designs—showing that embedded development can be both practical and enjoyable.

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