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The State of Hollow State Audio in the Second Decade of the 21st Century Vacuum-tube (or valve, depending upon which side of the pond you live on) technology spawned the Age of Electronics early in the 20th Century. Until the advent of solid-state electronics near mid-century, hollow-state devices were the only choice. But following the invention of the transistor (after their process fell to reasonable levels), within a couple of decades, the death of vacuum tubes was widely heralded. Yet here we are some five decades later, and hollow-state equipment is enjoying something of a comeback, especially in the music and high-end audio industries. Many issues surround hollow-state audio: Does it produce—as some claim—better sound? If so, is there science to back up these claims? How do hollow-state circuits work? How do you design hollow-state audio circuits? If hollow-state equipment fails, how do you go about troubleshooting and repairing it? Can we recreate some of the classic hollow-state audio devices for modern listening rooms and recording studios? How can we intelligently modify hollow-state amplifiers to our taste? These and other topics are covered in The State of Hollow State Audio.

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In Elektronica Kunst & Kunde worden alle onderwerpen behandeld die ook in standaard elektronica-leerboeken aan de orde komen, plus een groot aantal belangrijke maar vaak veronachtzaamde zaken. In dit tweede deel aandacht voor onder meer de volgende onderwerpen: phase-locked loop-schakelingen, opto-elektronica, busschakelingen, capacitieve belasting, bekabeling, interfacing timing, naaldpulsen, klokvertraging, monostabiele multivibratoren de IBM-PC en de Intel-fanilie, RS232-kabels, seriële poorten, ASCII, modems, SCSI, IPI, GPIB, parallele poorten, local-area-networks de 68000-microprocessorfamilie, perifere LSI-chips, geheugen, programmeerbare instrumenten prototypering, het ontwerpen van printplaten, wire-wrap-technieken, CAD/CAM technieken, de bouw van schakelingen HF-modules, vereenvoudigd ontwerp van HF-versterkers en high-speed schakelaars batterijen, accu's en zonnecellen; micropower-regelaars, -opamps en -microprocessoren methoden om de bandbreedte te beperken, middeling van signalen, lock-in versterkers, pulshoogte-analyse, 'multichannel-scaling'

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This book focuses more on practical aspects than on theory, and it has an contemplative nature, as though the author were viewing amplifiers from above. Knowledge elements are integrated and placed in the context of a broad overview. Even now tube amplifiers still sound great perhaps better than ever before. In part that is because we now have access to modern components such as toroidal output transformers, extremely high-quality resistors and capacitors, and many sorts of wire with good acoustic properties. Modern audio sources, such as CD players, and the latest top-end loudspeakers also enable us to appreciate how well tube amplifiers reproduce music even better than before. This new book from Menno van der Veen looks at tube amplifiers from more than just a theoretical perspective. It focuses primarily on the design phase, where decisions must be taken with regard to the purpose and requirements of the amplifier, and it addresses the following questions: How do these aspects relate to subjective and objective criteria? Which circuits sound the best, and why? If you want to develop and market an amplifier, what problems should you expect? What are the significance and meaning of measurements? Are they still meaningful, or have they lost their relevance? Thanks to the enormous processing power of computers, we can now measure more details than ever before. How can these new methods be applied to tube amplifiers? Previously it was sufficient to measure the frequency range, power and distortion of an amplifier in order to characterize the amplifier. Are these measurements still sufficient, or should we start measuring according to how we hear, using real music signals instead of waveforms from signal generators? The author sketches a future where amplifier measurements that conform to our sense of hearing enable us to arrive at new insights. This book focuses more on practical aspects than on theory, and it has an contemplative nature, as though the author were viewing amplifiers from above. Knowledge elements are integrated and placed in the context of a broad overview.

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The intention of this book is to offer the reader understandings, ideas and solutions from the perspective of a workbench technician and electronics hobbyist. It is a descriptive text with many tables of useful data, servicing tips and supplementary notes of not so common knowledge. Today there is a re-emerging, nostalgic interest in vinyl records and associated music entertainment gear. With this interest, there is a paralleled market for the repair of this gear. This ‘hands-on’ servicing guide opens with fundamental considerations of the work space of repair and servicing. This includes a comprehensive discussion of essential test equipment and tools. Two chapters are devoted to obtaining servicing information about repair and obtaining spare parts. A key chapter is on general diagnosis and testing and includes the discussion of resistance, capacitance and inductance. These electrical properties are regularly in the mind of the repairer, so understanding of them is a key objective of this book. The next chapter is about time saving repair techniques and ensuring quality repair. The remaining chapters discuss entertainment equipment itself. Each of the chapters begins with an orderly discussion of the theory of operation and common and not so common problems specific to the equipment. All chapters conclude with a summary.

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Elektor GREEN en GOLD leden kunnen deze uitgave hier downloaden.Nog geen lid? Klik hier om een lidmaatschap af te sluiten. Super-servotestervoor vier servo’s – stand-alone of in-system Analoge signalen en microcontrollersADC’s, DAC’s, stroommeting en meer embedded world 2023 Sub-Nyquist-sampling in de praktijkhogere frequenties betrouwbaar bemonsteren met subsampling Met Android-smartphone, spreek ik met ESP32?praktisch project met behulp van de Android WiFi-API Actief 1kHz-filter voor vervormingsmetingmeet beter door het het meetsignaal te optimaliseren Alle begin......multivibreert verder! Project 2.0correcties, updates en brieven van lezers Het nieuwe I3C-protocoleen waardig opvolger van I2C – of gebakken lucht? BlueRC: IR-afstandsbediening met smartphone en ESP32universeel en aanpasbaar Microcontroller-documentatie verklaarddeel 2: registers en blokschema’s Automatisering van testen en metentestapparatuur programmeren om je te dienen Elektor Infographicstesten en meten Overspanningsbeveiliging voor veilige werkingtransiëntbescherming voor niet-geïsoleerde DC/DC-voedingsmodules Meetapparatuur van het merk Wihatesters en meters voor installaties waar u op kunt bouwen Automatisch testen en samenwerken aan testresultaten Uit het leven gegrepenelektronica op hoog niveau Energieloggermeet en registreert het stroomverbruik Montage van de M.A.R.S. Rover Kit van 4tronix Parkeerschijf met e-papier displayinnovatief digitaal alternatief eCO2 Telegram-botmeet de luchtkwaliteit via Telegram Achter de schermen van DHZ high-end audioTon Giesberts van Elektor over de fijne kneepjes van het analoog ontwerpen Oost West Lab Bestwerk in uitvoering... RFID-tag’s lezen, en een RFID-deurslotvoorbeeldprojecten uit de Elektor Arduino Experimenteerbundel HF-stroomprobe voor oscilloscoopHF-stroommetingen gemakkelijk gemaakt Niet voor watjes – Makerfabs Robot Arm Kitmet de Raspberry Pi Pico en MicroPython Generatieve KIwie heeft dit eigenlijk gemaakt? Hexadokupuzzelen voor elektronici

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Deze complete microcontroller-programmeercursus op basis van de Arduino Uno bevat een leerboek, een componentenkit, praktische projecten en een uitgebreide online cursus met simulaties. Ideaal om embedded systems stap voor stap te leren programmeren met Arduino via een praktische hands-on aanpak. Een praktische introductie tot embedded systems met de Arduino Uno Deze cursus is ontworpen voor beginners in embedded systems die op zoek zijn naar een gestructureerde en voorbeeldgerichte start. Een kit met LED’s en weerstanden, schakelaars, sensoren en actuatoren, displays, een breadboard en draden is inbegrepen. Deze worden in de cursus gebruikt om voorbeeldtoepassingen te demonstreren. Er is geen voorkennis van Arduino of embedded ontwikkeling vereist. Elke sectie bevat praktische voorbeelden en mini-projecten om belangrijke concepten te versterken en verdere verkenning te stimuleren. Aan het einde van de cursus kunt u niet alleen de voorbeelden reproduceren, maar ook uitbreiden met uw eigen ideeën en toepassingen. Wat leert u? Microcontrollerprogrammering met Arduino met behulp van het Uno R3 board Werken met digitale I/O, knoppen en encoders uitlezen, LED’s en relais aansturen Analoge ingangen, spanningen en sensoren uitlezen Genereren van analoge uitgangssignalen en PWM Gebruik van seriële communicatie zoals UART, I²C en SPI om displays aan te sturen en digitale sensoren en SD-kaarten uit te lezen Tijdbeheer Werken met interrupts Realtime sensorinput en besturing via knoppen, LED’s en displays Aansturen van actuatoren zoals relais en servomotoren Voor wie is dit? Studenten en zelflerenden die embedded systems willen ontdekken Makers en IoT-enthousiastelingen die hun hardwarevaardigheden willen verbeteren Docenten en trainers die kant-en-klaar lesmateriaal zoeken Wat zit er in de doos? Toegang tot de volledige cursus op het Elektor Academy Pro leerplatform Uno R3 microcontrollerboard + USB-kabel Boek: Programming Microcontrollers in C/C++ Using Arduino Downloadbare projectbestanden voor elke module Componentenkit: 2× LED, rood, 5 mm LED, groen, 5 mm 3× weerstand, 470 Ω, 0,25 W LDR Potentiometer, 10 kΩ, lineair Drukknop Rotary encoder module Relaismodule DHT22 temperatuur- en vochtigheidssensor TM1637-compatibel 4-digit 7-segment display MPU-6050 IMU met headers SSD1306-compatibel I²C OLED display Micro SD-kaartadapter met header Buzzer SG90 micro servo ILI9341-compatibel SPI 240×320 TFT display 20× jumper wires Breadboard Alle programmeercursussen (en verschillen in inhoud) Cursus Arduino Raspberry Pi Pico with Arduino C/C++ ESP32 with Arduino C/C++ Raspberry Pi Pico with MicroPython ESP32 with MicroPython Online cursus Access to Arduino Course Access to Pico with Arduino C/C++ Course Access to ESP32 with Arduino C/C++ Course Access to Pico with MicroPython Course Access to ESP32 with MicroPython Course Board Uno R3 Raspberry Pi Pico ESP32 Raspberry Pi Pico ESP32 Boek Programming Microcontrollers in C/C++ Using Arduino Programming Microcontrollers in C/C++ Using Arduino Programming Microcontrollers in C/C++ Using Arduino Programming Microcontrollers in MicroPython Programming Microcontrollers in MicroPython Kit 40-delige componenten-kit 40-delige componenten-kit 40-delige componenten-kit 40-delige componenten-kit 40-delige componenten-kit

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The Most Iconic Oscilloscopes in Electronics History The 7000 Series was the most iconic family of oscilloscopes in the history of technology. Introduced in 1969 by Tektronix, the sector’s leader at the time, this remarkable line of instruments defined an era and became a benchmark for generations of engineers, researchers, and technicians. Throughout the 1970s and well beyond, 7000-Series oscilloscopes were a constant presence in laboratories, universities, and industrial facilities around the world. Their modular plug-in architecture, exceptional flexibility, and outstanding performance embodied the engineering philosophy that made Tektronix synonymous with accuracy, innovation, and reliability. This book offers an in-depth exploration of the 7000-Series oscilloscopes, combining historical context, technical analysis, and practical insight into their design and restoration. Conceived as a continuation of Tektronix Epic Oscilloscopes, this work expands the subject into two volumes: the first devoted to mainframes and core technologies, the second focused entirely on plug-ins.

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Beginnen met elektronica is niet zo moeilijk als je misschien denkt. Met deze bundel (boek + kit) kun je de belangrijkste concepten van elektrotechniek en elektronica op een leuke manier verkennen en leren door verschillende experimenten uit te voeren. Je leert elektronica op een praktische manier zonder ingewikkeld technisch jargon en lange berekeningen. Het resultaat is dat je snel je eigen projecten zult maken. Deze kit bevat de onderdelen die nodig zijn om de meeste gedetailleerde voorbeelden uit het boek op een breadboard te bouwen en in het echt uit te proberen. De kit kan natuurlijk ook zonder het boek gebruikt worden om andere schakelingen te bouwen en je eigen experimenten te doen. Inhoud van de kit 1x 39 Ω, 1 W weerstand 1x 47 Ω weerstand 1x 180 Ω weerstand 1x 330 Ω weerstand 3x 1 kΩ weerstand 1x 2,2 kΩ weerstand 1x 3,9 kΩ weerstand 1x 6,8 kΩ weerstand 1x 10 kΩ weerstand 1x 15 kΩ weerstand 1x 22 kΩ weerstand 1x 33 kΩ weerstand 1x 47 kΩ weerstand 1x 56 kΩ weerstand 1x 82 kΩ weerstand 1x 120 kΩ weerstand 1x 680 kΩ weerstand 2x 100 kΩ weerstand 1x 10 kΩ-trimmer 1x 10 kΩ lineaire potentiometer 1x 100 kΩ lineaire potentiometer 1x LDR 1x 1 nF keramische condensator 2x 10 nF keramische condensator 1x 100 nF keramische condensator 1x 1 µF, 25 V aluminium elektrolytische condensator 2x 10 µF, 25 V aluminium elektrolytische condensator 1x 100 µF, 25 V aluminium elektrolytische condensator 1x 470 µF, 25 V aluminium elektrolytische condensator 1x 1000 µF, 25 V aluminium elektrolytische condensator 1x RGB-LED, gemeenschappelijke kathode (CC) 1x 1N4148 kleine signaaldiode 1x 1N4733A 5,1 V, 1 W zenerdiode 3x LED, rood 2x BC337 NPN-transistor 1x IRFZ44N N-kanaal MOSFET 2x NE555-timer 1x LM393-vergelijker 1x 74HCT08 quad EN-poort 3x Tactiele schakelaar 2x SPDT-schakelaar 1x relais, SPDT, 9 VDC 1x Actieve zoemer 1x Passieve zoemer 50 cm massieve draad, 16 AWG, zonder mantel 2x PP3 9 V-batterijclip 1x Broodplank 20x verbindingsdraad Deze bundel bevat: Practical Electronics Crash Course Kit (t.w.v. € 45) Boek: Practical Electronics Crash Course (normale prijs: € 45)

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From SRPP and Mu-Follower to OTL Designs Tube amplifiers suffer from distortion. Fortunately, circuits such as the SRPP amplifier, mu-follower, and beta-follower produce minimal distortion even at output voltages of 50 to 100 Vpeak. These designs are often published with errors. Without a sound understanding of the theory, it is easy to arrive at a flawed design. In the first section of this book, we investigate the origin of distortion, while in the second we investigate the design of and SRPP and a mu-follower. On the internet we can find the most exotic designs. Evaluating them teaches us that these designs often make matters worse rather than better. In the chapter on incorrect SRPPs and mu-followers, we sometimes see bizarre and misguided designs where using a simple single-triode amplifier would perform much better. Push-pull output stages also exist. A great number of them are examined, and their similarity to the SRPP is discussed. This is done especially with the help of the theory behind the OTL based on the ‘mother’ of all OTLs, the Philips HF303. Finally, attention is given to frequency characteristics and technical matters such as the supply voltage and the filament power supply. To illustrate these points, there are a few designs covering the subjects discussed. This book presents much new theory that has not been published before. It is often an eye-opener, showing that many things have a beautiful and unexpected simplicity.

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Reinigungsroboter selbstgebaut (E-book)

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Messtechnik in der Praxis (E-book)

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Valve Amplifiers are regarded by many to be the ne plus ultra when it comes to processing audio signals. The combination of classical technology and modern components has resulted in a revival of the valve amplifier. The use of toraidal-core output transformers, developed by the author over the past 15 years, has contributed to this revival. The most remarkable features of these transformers are their extremely wide frequency ranges and their very low levels of linear and nonlinear distortion. This book explains the whys and wherefores of toroidal output transformers at various technical levels, starting with elementary concepts and culminating in complete mathematical descriptions. In all of this, the interactions of the output valves, transformer and loudspeaker form the central theme. Next come the practical aspects. The schematic diagram of a valve amplifier often appears to be very simple at first glance, but anyone who has built a modern valve amplifier knows that a lot of critical details are hidden behind this apparent simplicity. These are discussed extensively, in connection with designs for amplifiers with output powers ranging from 10 to 100 watts. Finally, the author gives some attention to a number of special valve amplifiers, and to the theory and practice of negative feedback. In summary, this book offers innovative solutions for achieving perfect audio quality. Do-it-yourself builders, as well as persons who want to gain a deeper technical understanding of the complex world of audio transformers, valve amplifiers and audio signal processing, will find this book a rich and useful source of information.

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