Zoekresultaten voor "sdr"

RFID technology has conquered many areas in which barcodes, magnetic strips and contact smartcards were used previously. Everyday applications, such as electronic ticketing, access cards, debit cards and electronic identity documents would not be possible without this technology. MIFARE is the most widely used RFID technology, and this book provides a practical and comprehensive introduction to it. Among other things, the initial chapters cover physical fundamentals, relevant standards, RFID antenna design, security considerations and cryptography. The complete design of a reader’s hardware and software is described in detail. The reader’s firmware and the associated PC software support programming using any .NET language. The specially developed PC program, “Smart Card Magic.NET”, is a simple development environment that supports sending commands to a card at the click of a mouse, as well as the ability to create C# scripts. Alternatively, one may follow all of the examples using Visual Studio 2010 Express Edition. Finally, the major smart card reader API standards are introduced. The focus is on programming contactless smartcards using standard PC/SC readers using C/C++, Java and C#.

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With Examples for Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi Pico and ESP32 Programming small electronic systems has never been more accessible. Tasks that once demanded expensive tools, specialized hardware, and deep electrical engineering expertise can now be tackled with low-cost development boards and approachable software. At the centre of this shift is the Arduino environment, which provides a unified and familiar way to program a wide range of microcontroller platforms—from classic AVR boards like the Arduino UNO to modern ARM-based boards such as the Raspberry Pi Pico, and powerful Wi-Fi-enabled devices like the ESP32. This book introduces embedded programming through the core idea that defines all microcontrollers: reading inputs, processing information, and controlling outputs in a predictable loop. The Arduino environment abstracts much of the hardware complexity, allowing you to focus on behaviour rather than implementation details. With just a few lines of code, you can blink LEDs, read sensors, control motors, and communicate with other devices. While the Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi Pico, and ESP32 boards differ greatly in performance and features, they share the same fundamental building blocks: digital and analog I/O, timers, serial communication, PWM, interrupts, and power management. Learning these concepts within the Arduino framework builds skills that transfer easily across platforms and scale toward more advanced applications. By exploring multiple boards while maintaining a consistent programming approach, this book helps you progress from simple experiments to confidently produce well-structured designs—showing that embedded development can be both practical and enjoyable.

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32 new Projects, Practical Examples and Exercises with the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board Electronics and microcontroller technology offer the opportunity to be creative. This practical microcontroller course provides you with the chance to bring your own Arduino projects and experience such moments of success. Ideally, everything works as you imagined when you switch it on for the first time. In practice, however, things rarely work as expected. At that point, you need knowledge to efficiently search for and find the reason for the malfunction. In this book for advanced users, we delve deep into the world of microcontrollers and the Arduino IDE to learn new procedures and details, enabling you to successfully tackle and solve even more challenging situations. With this book, the author gives the reader the necessary tools to create projects independently and also to be able to find errors quickly. Instead of just offering ready-made solutions, he explains the background, the hardware used, and any tools required. He sets tasks in which the reader contributes their own creativity and writes the Arduino sketch themselves. If you don’t have a good idea and get stuck, there is, of course, a suggested solution for every project and every task, along with the corresponding software, which is commented on and explained in detail in the book. This practical course will teach you more about the inner workings of the Arduino Nano and its microcontroller. You will get to know hardware modules that you can use to realize new and interesting projects. You will familiarize yourself with software methods such as ‘state machines,’ which can often be used to solve problems more easily and clearly. The numerous practical projects and exercise sketches are once again realized on the Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board, which you may already be familiar with from the course book ‘Microcontrollers Hands-on Course for Arduino Starters’, and which contains all the hardware peripherals and operating elements we need for the input/output operations of our sketches. Readers who do not yet own the Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board can purchase the required hardware separately, or alternatively, build it on a breadboard.

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From Simple Ciphers to Secure Systems Understanding how to apply cryptography on modern microcontrollers is essential for building secure, reliable, and trustworthy systems. This book explains cryptography in the context of embedded hardware, from classical ciphers that illustrate core principles to modern techniques such as AES for practical high-security applications. By combining mathematical theory with real-world microcontroller implementations, readers learn not only how cryptography works, but also how to implement it effectively on systems with limited processing power and memory. The book is intended for students starting out in cryptography, hobbyists securing personal projects, and engineers looking for a structured guide to embedded security. The book covers these key topics in applied cryptography: Classical ciphers on Arduino Uno and Raspberry Pi Pico, with full programs: Spartan Scytale, Hebrew Atbash, Caesar, ROT13, Alberti Disk, Vigenère, Affine, Polybius, Playfair, Beaufort, Ottoman Codebook, and One-Time Pad. Hacking classical ciphers using microcontrollers, with examples. Pseudo-random (PRNG) and true random number generation (TRNG) on microcontrollers. Symmetric-key cryptography with full programs: DES and AES-128/256. Memory and speed constraints of cryptography on microcontrollers. Asymmetric cryptography: public/private keys, digital signatures, key distribution and derivation (KDF), RSA, and SHA-256 implementations. A complete secure communication program using RSA and AES-256. A glossary of commonly used cryptography terms.

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Programming and Projects for the Minima and WiFi Based on the low-cost 8-bit ATmega328P processor, the Arduino Uno R3 board is likely to score as the most popular Arduino family member, and this workhorse has been with us for many years. Eleven years later, the long-overdue successor, the Arduino Uno R4, was released. It is built around a 48 MHz, 32-bit Arm Cortex-M4 microcontroller and provides significantly expanded SRAM and Flash memory. Additionally, a higher-precision ADC and a new DAC are added to the design. The Uno R4 board also supports the CAN Bus with an interface. Two versions of the board are available: Uno R4 Minima, and Uno R4 WiFi. This book is about using these new boards to develop many different and interesting projects with just a handful of parts and external modules. All projects described in the book have been fully tested on the Uno R4 Minima or the Uno R4 WiFi board, as appropriate. The project topics include the reading, control, and driving of many components and modules in the kit as well as on the relevant Uno R4 board, including LEDs 7-segment displays (using timer interrupts) LCDs Sensors RFID Reader 4x4 Keypad Real-time clock (RTC) Joystick 8×8 LED matrix Motors DAC (Digital-to-analog converter) LED matrix WiFi connectivity Serial UART CAN bus Infrared controller and receiver Simulators … all in creative and educational ways with the project operation and associated software explained in great detail.

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The 2-channel OWON XDG2035 is a function/waveform generator that can generate signals with a maximum frequency of 35 Hz. The generator has a resolution of 1 µHz and a sample rate of 500 MSa/s.The OWON XDG2035 is capable of generating 6 standard waveforms and 150 arbitrary waveforms. With the included software you can write advanced functions up to 10 million points. Waveforms can be saved to the function generator's internal memory using a PC via USB or LAN.The OWON XDG2035 also supports SCPI commands and LabView. The function generator has an integrated high-quality frequency counter, which can operate from 100 to 200 MHz.Features Max. 35 MHz frequency output 500 MSa/s Sample rate, Vertical resolution 1μHz 14 bits Vertical Resolution, 10 Marb waveform length Comprehensive waveform output: 6 basic waveforms,and 150 built-in arbitrary waveforms Comprehensive modulation functions: AM, FM, PM, FSK, 3FSK, 4FSK, PSK, OSK, ASK, BPSK, PWM, Sweep, and Burst High-accuracy frequency counter integrated, supported range 100-200 MHz SCPI and LabVIEW supported 7 inch multi-touch screen (800 x 480 pixels) Specifications Channel 2 Frequency Output 35 MHz Sample Rate 500 MSa/s Vertical Resolution 14 bits Waveform Standard Waveform sine, square, pulse, ramp, noise, and harmonic Arbitrary Waveform exponential rise, exponential fall, sin(x)/x, step wave, and others, total 150 built-in waveforms, and user-defined arbitrary waveform Frequency (resolution 1 μHz) Sine 1 μHz-100 MHz Square 1 μHz ~ 30 MHz Pulse 1 μHz ~ 25 MHz Ramp 1 μHz ~ 3 MHz Noise (-3 dB, typical) 100 MHz Arbitrary Waveform 1 μHz ~ 15 MHz Harmonic 1 μHz ~ 50 MHz Accuracy ±2ppm, 25°C ±5°C Waveform Length 2 points - 10M points Amplitude Into 50Ω load 1mVpp ~ 10Vpp (≤25 MHz); 1mVpp ~ 5Vpp (≤60 MHz); 1mVpp ~ 2.5Vpp (≤100 MHz) Modulation Type AM, DSB-AM, FM, PM, ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK, QPSK, 3FSK, 4FSK, OSK, PWM, SUM Frequency Counter Function Frequency, period, +width, -width, +duty, and -duty Frequency Range 100 ~ 200 MHz Frequency Resolution 7 digits Input/Output Input mode frequency counter, external modulation input, external trigger input, internal clock output, external reference clock input/output Communication Interface USB Host, USB Device, LAN, RS232 (optional) Mechanical specifications Dimensions 340 x 177 x 90 mm Weight 2.3 kg Included 1x OWON XDG2035 1x Power Cord 1x CD-ROM 1x Quick start guide 1x USB Cable 1x BNC-BNC Cable DownloadsQuick Guide

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Mit diesem Buch erweitert der Leser seine Mikrocontroller-Kenntnisse auf Grund eigener Erfahrungen und Erfolgserlebnisse und wird dazu noch ganz nebenbei in die Welt des Arduino und seiner Entwicklungsumgebung eingeführt. Am Ende dieses vergnüglichen und fast spielerischen Lehrgangs stellen Begriffe wie I/O, Speicherplatz, Interrupts, Kommunikationsstandards, A/D-Konverter (und vieles mehr) keine Geheimnisse mehr dar und der Leser ist in der Lage, auch andere Mikrocontroller zu programmieren. Mit anderen Worten: ein erstes Mikrocontroller-Buch mit Happy End. Dieses Buch ist für Sie geeignet, wenn Sie Anfänger auf dem Gebiet der Mikrocontroller sind, als Arduino-User bzw. -Enthusiast Ihre Kenntnisse vertiefen möchten, Elektronik studieren oder als Lehrer inspiriert werden möchten. Neues Konzept: Dieses Buch überrascht mit einem völlig neuen Konzept an Schaltungsbeispielen: Mit speziellen Arduino-Anwendungen vertreiben Sie störende Freunde und Familienmitglieder sicher und zuverlässig aus Ihrer Umgebung und machen so Schluss mit lästigen gesellschaftlichen Verpflichtungen, so dass Sie in Zukunft Ihre komplette Freizeit nur noch der Programmierung von Mikrocontrollern widmen können. Originelle Anwendungsbeispiele Geringe Hardware-Kosten Freie und offene Software (Open Source)

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Meer dan 275 voedingsschakelingen voor thuis Deze USB-stick bevat meer dan 275 verschillende voedingsschakelingen uit de jaargangen 2001-2025 van Elektor. Met de artikelzoekfunctie kunt u full-text zoeken. De resultaten worden altijd weergegeven als voorgeformatteerde PDF-documenten. Highlights Cuk-omzetter Automatische batterijwisseling LED batterijspanning Digitale tafelvoeding Lithium-Ion-oplader Oplader voor zonnecellen Elektronische zekering Hoogspanningsregelaar Voeding voor USB-apparaten Step-up Converter voor LED's Batterijbeheer en nog veel meer... Op de stick vindt u ook een map met extra materiaal zoals PCB-layouts, Gerber-bestanden en software. Specificaties Geheugen 16 GB Connectoren 1x USB-A1x USB-C Systeemeisen Computer geschikt voor Adobe Reader vanaf versie 7 Webbrowser

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De Siglent SSA3032X Plus spectrum analyzer is een krachtig en flexibel hulpmiddel voor RF signaal- en netwerkanalyse. Met een frequentiebereik van 3,2 GHz levert de analyzer betrouwbare automatische metingen en meerdere werkingsmodi: spectrum analyzer als basisfunctie, en optionele functies als RF-vermogensmeting, vectorsignaal-modulatieanalyse, reflectiemeting en EMI-test.Toepassingen zijn onder meer monitoring/evaluatie van zendsignalen, metingen op locatie, S-parameter meting, analoge/digitale modulatie analyse, EMI pre-compliance test, onderzoek en ontwikkeling, onderwijs, productie en onderhoud.Kenmerken Spectrum analyzer frequentiebereik van 9 kHz tot 3,2 GHz –161 dBm/Hz Displayed Average Noise Level (typ.) –98 dBc/Hz. @ 10 kHz Offset Phase Noise (1 GHz, typ.) Level Measurement Uncertainty< 0,7 dB (typ.) 1 Hz minimale Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) Voorversterker (standaard) Tracking generator (inbegrepen, gratis) Analoge en digitale signaalmodulatie-analyse modus (optioneel) Reflectie meetkit (optioneel) EMI filter en quasi-peak detector kit (optioneel) Advanced Measurement Kit (optioneel) 10,1-inch multi-touch scherm, muis en toetsenbord ondersteund Webbrowser afstandsbediening op pc en mobiele terminals, en bediening via files Specificaties SSA3015X Plus SSA3021X Plus SSA3032X Plus SSA3075X Plus Frequentiebereik 9 kHz ~ 1,5 GHz 9 kHz ~ 2,1 GHz 9 kHz ~ 3,2 GHz 9 kHz ~ 7,5 GHz Resolutie bandbreedte 1 Hz ~ 1 MHz 1 Hz ~ 1 MHz 1 Hz ~ 1 MHz 1 Hz ~ 3 MHz Phase Noise <–99 dBc/Hz <–98 dBc/Hz <–98 dBc/Hz <–98 dBc/Hz Total Amplitude Accuracy < 1,2 dB < 0,7 dB < 0,7 dB < 0,7 dB Display Average Noise Level –156 dBm/Hz –161 dBm/Hz –161 dBm/Hz –165 dBm/Hz Inbegrepen Siglent SSA3032X Plus spectrum analyzer USB kabel Netsnoer Quick Start gids Downloads Datasheet Manual Documentation Firmware

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Practical Introduction to 3D Modeling from Enclosure to Front Panel Embedding a vintage component, creating a professional looking home for a circuit board, or even designing a complex apparatus complete with a chassis – these and many other challenges turn into a stimulating pleasure with FreeCAD. Once you have internalized the basic processes, there are virtually no limits to your imagination. Starting to use a new software is never straightforward – especially with a tool as versatile as FreeCAD. Manageable, but at the same time easily usable individual components provide the starting point in this book. Putting these components together later results in assemblies. In the FreeCAD universe, a workable trajectory is demonstrated. The described procedure is illustrative so the examples are easily applied to custom tasks. The devices were made by the author and illustrated with photos. Creating a 3D design is requiring some effort but the initial investment pays off soon. Besides the impressive spatial representation of the projects, the extracted drawings yield a solid base for documentation and production. Extended FreeCAD capabilities like the unfolding of sheet metal parts enormously add to efficiency and pushes models forward into practical assembly. Soon you will definitely not want to do without FreeCAD!

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Principles, Systems, and Electronics This handbook provides a detailed study of the sensors and actuators at the heart of modern vehicle electronics. It begins with basic electrical and electronic concepts, introducing the principles and terminology essential for understanding automotive systems. The book explores sensors and actuators on a system-by-system basis, including: Fundamentals of electrical engineering, electromagnetic phenomena, and motor principles Passive and active electronic components, integrated circuits, protection devices, and automotive-grade electronics Sensor characteristics, signal conditioning, ADCs, PWM and frequency outputs, and interface adaptation Automotive communication links and protocols, including LIN and SENT Engine sensors: air mass, pressure, temperature, speed, position, exhaust and emissions-related sensors Transmission sensors for manual and automatic systems Steering and suspension sensors for conventional and active systems Vehicle body and electrical system sensors for comfort, climate, access, and monitoring functions Engine actuators such as throttle bodies, injectors, turbo actuators, EGR systems, ignition components, and pumps Transmission, brake, steering, suspension, and body actuators Identification and coding of electronic components and packages commonly used in automotive applications The structure and operating principles of each component are explained, with relevant electronic circuitry illustrated. Its system-oriented organization and practical focus make it a valuable reference for understanding, testing, and troubleshooting automotive electronic systems.

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A Toolbox for Audio Lovers and Engineers Without any ambition to reach scientific levels, this book aims to be a toolbox for both audio lovers and high-end equipment designers. The elementary theory presented is the bare minimum for readers to grasp the operation and practical use of electrical, electromagnetic, physics, and electronic operations available in the designers’ toolbox. Each tool is explained in a minimum of words and theory without needless coverage of underlying equations or figures. The book chapters guide you through the process of designing quality amplifiers with vacuum tubes, from the very beginning, considering both technical and subjective requirements – in theory and practice. The book is a compilation of the author’s notes used in his professional and educational career but was nevertheless primarily written as a result of true love for the audiophile hobby.

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