In this book the author presents all essential aspects of microcontroller programming, without overloading the reader with unnecessary or quasi-relevant bits of information. Having read the book, you should be able to understand as well as program, 8-bit microcontrollers. The introduction to microcontroller programming is worked out using microcontrollers from the PIC series. Not exactly state-of-the-art with just 8 bits, the PIC micro has the advantage of being easy to comprehend. It is offered in a DIP enclosure, widely available and not overly complex. The entire datasheet of the PIC micro is shorter by decades than the description of the architecture outlining the processor section of an advanced microcontroller. Simplicity has its advantages here. Having mastered the fundamental operation of a microcontroller, you can easily enter into the realms of advanced softcores later. Having placed assembly code as the executive programming language in the foreground in the first part of the book, the author reaches a deeper level with ‘C’ in the second part. Cheerfully alongside the official subject matter, the book presents tips & tricks, interesting measurement technology, practical aspects of microcontroller programming, as well as hands-on options for easier working, debugging and faultfinding.

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A Guide to Powerful Programming for Embedded Systems You must be a well-rounded professional to excel in the ever-evolving, rapidly developing embedded design and programming industry. Simply put, when it comes to electronics design and programming, the more topics you can master, the more you’ll flourish at your workplace and at your personal workbench. This shouldn’t be a surprise, as the line between the skills of a hardware engineer and software engineer is blurring. The former should have a good grasp of programming in order to build efficient systems. The latter should understand the details of the design (whether it’s a physical or virtual application) for which he or she is writing code. Thus, to be successful, a modern professional electronics engineer must have a solid grasp of both hardware design and programming. Assembly Language Essentials is a matter-of-fact guide to Assembly that will introduce you to the most fundamental programming language of a processor. Unlike other resources about Assembly that focus exclusively on specific processors and platforms, this book uses the architecture of a fictional processor with its own hardware and instruction set. This enables you to consider the importance of Assembly language without having to deal with predetermined hardware or architectural restrictions. You’ll immediately find this thorough introduction to Assembly to be a valuable resource, whether you know nothing about the language or you have used it before. The only prerequisite is that you have a working knowledge of at least one higher-level programming language, such as C or Java. Assembly Language Essentials is an indispensible resource for electronics engineering professionals, academics, and advanced students looking to enhance their programming skills. The book provides the following, and more: An introduction to Assembly language and its functionality Significant definitions associated with Assembly language, as well as essential terminology pertaining to higher-level programming languages and computer architecture Important algorithms that may be built into high-level languages, but must be done the “hard way” in Assembly language — multiplication, division, and polynomial evaluation A presentation of Interrupt Service Routines with examples A free, downloadable Assembler program for experimenting with Assembly

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The State of Hollow State Audio in the Second Decade of the 21st Century Vacuum-tube (or valve, depending upon which side of the pond you live on) technology spawned the Age of Electronics early in the 20th Century. Until the advent of solid-state electronics near mid-century, hollow-state devices were the only choice. But following the invention of the transistor (after their process fell to reasonable levels), within a couple of decades, the death of vacuum tubes was widely heralded. Yet here we are some five decades later, and hollow-state equipment is enjoying something of a comeback, especially in the music and high-end audio industries. Many issues surround hollow-state audio: Does it produce—as some claim—better sound? If so, is there science to back up these claims? How do hollow-state circuits work? How do you design hollow-state audio circuits? If hollow-state equipment fails, how do you go about troubleshooting and repairing it? Can we recreate some of the classic hollow-state audio devices for modern listening rooms and recording studios? How can we intelligently modify hollow-state amplifiers to our taste? These and other topics are covered in The State of Hollow State Audio.

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There are many so-called 'Arduino compatible' platforms on the market. The ESP8266 – in the form of the WeMos D1 Mini Pro – is one that really stands out. This device includes WiFi Internet access and the option of a flash file system using up to 16 MB of external flash memory. Furthermore, there are ample in/output pins (though only one analogue input), PWM, I²C, and one-wire. Needless to say, you are easily able to construct many small IoT devices! This book contains the following builds: A colourful smart home accessory refrigerator controller 230 V power monitor door lock monitor and some further spin-off devices. All builds are documented together with relevant background information for further study. For your convenience, there is a small PCB for most of the designs; you can also use a perf board. You don’t need to be an expert but the minimum recommended essentials include basic experience with a PC, software, and hardware, including the ability to surf the Internet and assemble PCBs. And of course: A handle was kept on development costs. All custom software for the IoT devices and PCB layouts are available for free download from at Elektor.com.

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Niemand twijfelt er aan dat buizenversterkers een opmerkelijk mooi geluid produceren. Ze klinken levendig, diep en doortekend; het klankbeeld is zeer aangenaam en dynamisch schijnen ze nagenoeg geen beperkingen te kennen.Via een systematisch theoretisch onderzoek gaat de auteur na waardoor deze fraaie eigenschappen ontstaan. Hij ontwikkelt nieuwe modellen voor versterkerbuizen en transformatoren, waardoor het mogelijk wordt om op voorhand, tijdens het ontwerp, al te bepalen wat de eigenschappen van de buizenversterker worden. De koppeling tussen eindbuizen en de uitgangstransformator wordt diepgaand gemodelleerd. Daarbij ontstaan nieuwe inzichten in een uitzonderlijk soort vervorming: de dynamische dempingsfactor vervorming (DDFD). Via rekenmodellen in het complexe domein worden vooral de eigenschappen in de grenzen van het hoorbare gebied (tussen 20 Hz en 20 kHz) onderzocht en ontstaan stabiliteitsvoorwaarden waar de versterker minstens aan moet voldoen. In versterkers wordt vaak tegenkoppeling toegepast, die uitgebreid wordt gemodelleerd en waarvan de gehoorsmatige gevolgen diepgaand worden besproken.Vervolgens wordt een fraaie selectie van bijzondere buizenversterkers besproken. Kenmerkend in dit boek is dat de auteur niet alleen technisch schrijft, maar verhalend laat zien dat het ontwikkelen van buizenversterkers ook ingrijpt in je dagelijkse leven; zelfs het nut van patenten wordt besproken. Samenvattend: nieuwe theorieën en oplossingen voor een perfecte audiokwaliteit met buizenversterkers. Zowel de zelfbouwer als diegene die kennis en inzicht wil verwerven zal dit boek met plezier ter hand nemen.

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STM32 Nucleo family of processors are manufactured by STMicroelectronics. These are low-cost ARM microcontroller development boards. This book is about developing projects using the popular Nucleo development board. In the early chapters of the book, the architecture of the Nucleo family is briefly described. Software development tools that can be used with the Nucleo boards such as the Mbed, Keil MDK, TrueSTUDIO, and the System Workbench are described briefly in later Chapters. The book covers many projects using most features of the STM32 Nucleo development boards where the full software listings for Mbed and System Workbench are given for every project. The projects range from simple flashing LEDs to more complex projects using modules and devices such as GPIO, ADC, DAC, I²C, LCD, analog inputs and others. In addition, several projects are given using the Nucleo Expansion Boards, including popular expansion boards such as solid-state relay, MEMS and environmental sensors, DC motor driver, Wi-Fi, and stepper motor driver. These Expansion Boards plug on top of the Nucleo development boards and simplify the task of project development considerably. Features of this book Learn the architecture of the STM32 microcontrollers Learn how to use the Nucleo development board in projects using Mbed and System Workbench Toolchains Learn how to use the Nucleo Expansion Boards with the Nucleo development boards Update The Mbed compiler has been replaced with two software packages: The Mbed Studio and Keil Studio Cloud. Both of these software packages are free of charge and are available on the Internet. If you need assistance using the Keil Studio Cloud, please download the Guide below.

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The Seeed Studio RF Explorer WSUB1G+ is a powerful, high-performance digital spectrum analyzer covering frequencies from 50 kHz to 1 GHz. The Slim model features a robust design, a more conveniently positioned USB connector on the side, and a larger internal battery capacity. Kenmerken Internal LNA amplifier and selectable attenuator Low frequency support from 50 KHz covering LF, MF, HF, VHF and UHF up to 960 Mhz New HELP and SET buttons to improve user interface and configuration selection with 2-clicks Wide band coverage to all popular sub-1 Ghz bands, including FM, TV and DTV, ISM, RFID, GSM, etc. Ideal choice for HAM bands from 160 m to 33 cm Pocket size and light weight Solid metal case Spectrum Analyzer mode with Peak Max and Hold, Normal, Overwrite and Averaging modes High capacity internal Lithium battery for 20hs+ of continuous run, rechargeable by USB Multi-platform Windows/Linux/MacOS Open Source software and API libraries Can be extended with internal Expansion Modules for additional band and functionality Specificaties Frequency band: 0.05 MHz – 960 MHz Frequency span: 0.1 MHz – 960 MHz Internal selectable LNA 25 dB gain Internal selectable Attenuator 30 dB Graphics LCD 128 x 64 pixels, great visibility outdoors Support included for Windows, Linux and MacOS X Backlight for great visibility indoor Internal Lithium Ion 1800 mA/h rechargeable battery Standard SMA 50 Ω connector Wideband 144/433 MHz dual band telescopic antenna included UHF 400-900 MHz rubber duck articulated antenna included Amplitude resolution: 0.5 dBm Dynamic range: -125 dBm to 10 dBm Absolute Max input power: +30 dBm Average noise level (typical LNA): -125 dBm Frequency stability and accuracy (typical): ±10 ppm Amplitude stability and accuracy (typical): ±2 dBm Frequency resolution: 1 kHz Resolution bandwidth (RBW): Automatic 2.6 kHz to 600 kHz Inbegrepen 1x Seeed Studio RF Explorer WSUB1G+ Slim Spectrum Analyzer 1x Mini USB cable 1x Dual band 144/430 MHz Telescopic antenna 1x UHF 400-900 Mhz antenna 1x EVA case

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PCBite is the complete solution handling your circuit board during the development phase. Powerful magnets together with a stainless base plate makes the system flexible, mobile and user friendly. The holder can easily be repositioned to handle circuit boards of varying shape and sizes. The probes are steady but yet flexible made for instant measurements or total hands-free operations together with your multimeter or prefered tool. Included 4x PCBite holder 2x Banana to DuPont test wires red/black 2x SP10 probe with red/black probe head and pin tipped test needles 2x Extra crown tipped test needle 1x Set of yellow insulation washers 1x Large Baseplate (A4) 1x Microfiber cloth Downloads User Guide

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Dit boek gaat over de Raspberry Pi, en over het programmeren in C. De programmeertaal C en het besturingssysteem Linux (Raspbian) passen uitstekend bij elkaar. Alles wat we nodig hebben om in C te programmeren wordt meegeleverd met het besturingssysteem van de Raspberry Pi. In dit boek leert u hoe C gebruikt wordt met de Raspberry Pi, en krijgt u een overzicht van de taal. WiringPi is een softwarebibliotheek voor de Raspberry Pi waarmee C hardware-uitbreidingen kan benaderen. Die bibliotheek wordt gebruikt om sensoren uit te lezen en om extra hardware aan te sturen. U gaat experimenteren met LED’s en schakelaars, met motoren, met geluid en met sensoren voor temperatuur, luchtdruk, en luchtvochtigheid. Met een Linux-systeem kunt u een webserver maken, inclusief interactieve websites met PHP en WiringPi. Daarom is ook een beknopt overzicht van HTML en PHP in het boek opgenomen. In de voorbeelden worden sensoren via het web uitgelezen en worden apparaten bestuurd. In het laatste voorbeeld wordt een temperatuurlogger gemaakt. Die meet elk kwartier de temperatuur. Een tabel met de meetwaarden kan via het web worden uitgelezen. Alle voorbeeldprogramma’s kunnen worden gedownload van de website van Elektor.

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Dit boek gaat over de Raspberry Pi, en over het programmeren in C. De programmeertaal C en het besturingssysteem Linux (Raspbian) passen uitstekend bij elkaar. Alles wat we nodig hebben om in C te programmeren wordt meegeleverd met het besturingssysteem van de Raspberry Pi. In dit boek leert u hoe C gebruikt wordt met de Raspberry Pi, en krijgt u een overzicht van de taal. WiringPi is een softwarebibliotheek voor de Raspberry Pi waarmee C hardware-uitbreidingen kan benaderen. Die bibliotheek wordt gebruikt om sensoren uit te lezen en om extra hardware aan te sturen. U gaat experimenteren met LED’s en schakelaars, met motoren, met geluid en met sensoren voor temperatuur, luchtdruk, en luchtvochtigheid. Met een Linux-systeem kunt u een webserver maken, inclusief interactieve websites met PHP en WiringPi. Daarom is ook een beknopt overzicht van HTML en PHP in het boek opgenomen. In de voorbeelden worden sensoren via het web uitgelezen en worden apparaten bestuurd. In het laatste voorbeeld wordt een temperatuurlogger gemaakt. Die meet elk kwartier de temperatuur. Een tabel met de meetwaarden kan via het web worden uitgelezen. Alle voorbeeldprogramma’s kunnen worden gedownload van de website van Elektor.

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This book is about teaching the Python programming language using the Raspberry Pi 4 computer. The book makes an introduction to Raspberry Pi 4 and then teaches Python with the topics: variables, strings, arrays, matrices, tuples, lists, dictionaries, user functions, flow of control, printing, keyboard input, graphics, GUI, object oriented programming and many more topics. The book is aimed for beginners, students, practising engineers, hobbyists, and for anyone else who may want to learn to program in Python. The book includes many example programs and case studies. All the example programs and case studies have been tested fully by the author and are all working. The example programs aim to teach the various programming concepts of Python. The case studies cover the use of Python in the analysis and design of electronic circuits. Some of the case study topics are: Resistor colour code identification Resistive potential divider circuits Resistive attenuator design Zener diode voltage regulator design RC and RLC transient circuits Circuit frequency response Saving data on external memory stick Mesh and node circuit analysis using matrices Resonance in RLC circuits Transistor Biasing analysis Transistor amplifier design Design of active filters Interfacing hardware with GPIO, I²C and SPI Using Wi-Fi with Python and TCP/IP and UDP programs Using Bluetooth from Python Full program listings of all the programs used in the book are available at the Elektor website of the book. Readers should be able just to copy and use these programs in their Raspberry Pi projects without any modifications.

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40+ Projects using Arduino, Raspberry Pi and ESP32 This book is about developing projects using the sensor-modules with Arduino Uno, Raspberry Pi and ESP32 microcontroller development systems. More than 40 different sensors types are used in various projects in the book. The book explains in simple terms and with tested and fully working example projects, how to use the sensors in your project. The projects provided in the book include the following: Changing LED brightness RGB LEDs Creating rainbow colours Magic wand Silent door alarm Dark sensor with relay Secret key Magic light cup Decoding commercial IR handsets Controlling TV channels with IT sensors Target shooting detector Shock time duration measurement Ultrasonic reverse parking Toggle lights by clapping hands Playing melody Measuring magnetic field strength Joystick musical instrument Line tracking Displaying temperature Temperature ON/OFF control Mobile phone-based Wi-Fi projects Mobile phone-based Bluetooth projects Sending data to the Cloud The projects have been organized with increasing levels of difficulty. Readers are encouraged to tackle the projects in the order given. A specially prepared sensor kit is available from Elektor. With the help of this hardware, it should be easy and fun to build the projects in this book.

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The Seeed Studio RF Explorer 3G Combo is a handheld digital spectrum analyzer and an affordable tool for working across a wide range of popular frequency bands. It is based on a highly integrated frequency synthesizer and a double-balanced mixer, providing high performance, compact dimensions, low power consumption, and excellent value. Designed for both indoor and outdoor use, the RF Explorer 3G Combo can also be connected to a PC via a standard Mini-USB 2.0 connector for additional functionality. This model combines a WSUB1G base unit with an RFEMWSUB3G expansion module, supplied fully assembled and tested. It features two SMA connectors and includes two antennas: a dual-band 144/430 MHz telescopic antenna for sub-GHz frequencies and a helical whip antenna for the 2.4 GHz band. Additional frequency-specific antennas may be required for optimal performance in certain supported frequency ranges. This combination provides the wide frequency coverage of the WSUB3G module together with the high sensitivity and fast response of the WSUB1G unit in the commonly used sub-1 GHz frequency range. Kenmerken Pocket size and light weight Solid aluminum metal case Includes a transport EVA carry case for RF Explorer Spectrum Analyzer mode with Peak Max and Hold, Normal, Overwrite and Averaging modes Lifetime free firmware upgrades available, open to community requested features High capacity Lipo for 16+ hours of continuous run, rechargeable by USB Windows PC client Open Source Can be extended with internal Expansion Modules for additional band and functionality Wide band coverage to all popular RF frequencies, starting at 15 MHz and going up to 2.7 GHz. This includes very interesting frequency areas such as 2 m HAM radio, all VHF and UHF, FM radio, GPS, WiFi and WiMax, Bluetooth, etc. Firmware: RF Explorer 3G Combo is delivered with upgraded firmware v1.09. Note some of the features and operation accuracy will be improved in upcoming free firmware revisions. Specificaties Battery Lithium Cells / Batteries contained in equipment UN3481 - PI967 Frequency band 15-2700 MHz Frequency span 112 KHz - 600 MHz Graphics LCD 128 x 64 pixels, great visibility outdoors PC Windows client Supports Windows (32 and 64 bits) Backlight For great indoor visibility 2 standard SMA 50 ohms connector, One for Sub-GHz wideband Nagoya NA-773 telescopic antenna included and another 2.4 GHz one for 15-2700 MHz band with helical antenna included. Amplitude resolution 0.5 dBm Dynamic range Left SMA port (WSUB1G) -115 dBm to 0 dBm Right SMA port (WSUB3G) -110 dBm to -10 dBm Absolute Max input power Left SMA port (WSUB1G) +5 dBm Right SMA port (WSUB3G) +30 dBm Average noise level (typical) -110 dBm Frequency stability and accuracy (typical) ±10 ppm Amplitude stability and accuracy (typical) ±6 dBm Frequency resolution 1 KHz Resolution bandwidth (RBW) Automatic 3 KHz to 600 KHz Weight 185 g Dimensions 113 x 70 x 25 mm Inbegrepen Seeed Studio RF Explorer 3G Combo Spectrum Analyzer Nagoya NA-773 wideband telescopic antenna 2.4 GHz band antenna EVA Case Documentatie For more info and to get started with your RF Explorer, visit the start page. For questions and support, please visit https://support.rf-explorer.com

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Het boek beschrijft de werking van digitale circuits vanaf schakelingen met poorten tot aan de werking van een processor. Van elke schakeling of systeem kan de werking worden gesimuleerd. Hierbij wordt het gedrag van componenten en het verloop van signalen in de tijd op ingangen, uitgangen en relevante verbindingslijnen zichtbaar gemaakt. Zo wordt in detail gevisualiseerd wat het gedrag is van de hardware als er een instructie wordt uitgevoerd.Het boek is opgebouwd uit drie modules die de volgende onderwerpen behandelen:Basismodule Poorten en combinatorische schakelingen. Hoe rekent een computer? Hoe werkt een rekenmachine? Module Digitale Techniek Hoe ontwerp je combinatorische schakelingen m.b.v. Boole-algebra? Sequentiële schakelingen en het ontwerpen van ‘Finite State Systems’. Complexe schakelingen als decoders, multiplexers, asynchrone en synchrone tellers. Module Computerarchitectuur Hoe werkt een ‘loopje’ precies? If-then-else, while en for loops. De Harvard-architectuur. Hoe verloopt de communicatie tussen de aanroeper en de aangeroepene bij aanroep van een procedure? Bij de module Computerarchitectuur worden programma’s in de taal assembler geschreven. Hierbij wordt gebruik gemaakt van een instructieset van slechts 15 instructies.WebsiteHet boek wordt ondersteund door de website: www.science.uva.nl/amstel/SIM-PL. De SIM-PL software en de componenten die nodig zijn voor de simulaties kunnen hiervandaan worden gedownload. Ook staan hier antwoorden op vragen en vraagstukken. Verder zijn op deze site collegesheets voor docenten en voorbeelden van tentamens beschikbaar.DoelgroepenVAN 0 EN 1 TOT PROCESSOR is geschreven voor iedereen die geïnteresseerd is in de basisprincipes waarop de werking van computers berust. Het boek is zeer geschikt voor studenten Informatica, Technische Informatica en E-technology in het hoger onderwijs en het MBO. Het boek kan worden ingezet bij vakken als Digitale Techniek, Embedded Systems en Architectuur & Computerorganisatie. Delen van de eerste drie hoofdstukken zijn opgenomen in modules voor de vakken Informatica, NLT en Wiskunde D in het voortgezet onderwijs.Ben Bruidegom is werkzaam bij het AMSTEL-Instituut van de Universiteit van Amsterdam als ontwikkelaar van educatieve hard- en software en docent aan het College of Science van deze universiteit. Hij heeft tientallen jaren ervaring op het gebied van de technische automatisering en het ontwikkelen van onderwijs hiervoor.

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This kit includes iFixit's widest assortment of bits, complete with every driver head you’ll need to tackle any repair or DIY project. It includes standard bits like Phillips and Flathead in a full range of sizes to handle everything from precision electronics repair to home DIY projects. And it wouldn’t be an iFixit bit set if it didn’t include all the exotic bits from Pentalobes for Apple iPhone and MacBook repair to Gamebits for your vintage Nintendo consoles. All of the next-gen bit sets have been re-designed in order to maximize convenience and usability. The bit set lid is held in place with magnets to increase product lifespan (no more broken hinges or clasps) and also mounts to the back of the bit set case to keep it out of the way while you do your work. If you need help keeping your screws and parts organized, you can use the lid’s integrated sorting tray. The 4 mm bits have been adjusted and have now a longer neck for a deeper and more precise reach. Toolkit bevat Easy-to-Open Magnetized Case Lid with Built-in Sorting Tray 4 mm Aluminum Bit Driver 1/4' Aluminum Bit Driver 4 mm Screwdriver Bits Phillips - 000, 00, 0 Flathead - 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 mm Torx - T2, T3, T4, T5 Torx Security - TR6, TR7, TR8 Pentalobe - P2, P5, P6 JIS - 000, 00, 0, 1 Hex - 0.7, 0.9, 1.3, 1.5 mm Hex Security - 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 mm Tri-point - Y000, Y00, Y0, Y1 Nut driver - 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 mm Gamebit - 3.8, 4.5 mm Spanner - 4, 6 Triangle - 2, 2.2, 2.6, 3 mm Oval Bit iPhone Standoff Bit Sim Eject Bit Magnetic Pickup Bit 1/4' Screwdriver Bits Phillips - 1, 2, 3 Flathead - 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 mm Hex Security - 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 mm Hex Security SAE - 1/8, 9/64, 5/32, 3/16, 7/32, 1/4 Pozidriv - PZ0, PZ1, PZ2, PZ3 Torq-set - 6, 8, 10 Spanner - 8, 10, 12 Square - 0, 1, 2, 3 Spline - M5, M6, M8 Torx Security - TR9, TR10, TR15, TR20, TR25, TR27, TR30, TR35, TR40 Tri-wing 1, 2, 3, 4 Clutch 1, 2, 3 Schrader Valve Hook Drive 1/4' to 4 mm Adapter 1/4' Driver to 1/4' Socket 1/4' Driver to 3/8' Socket 1/4' Socket to 1/4' Driver Specificaties Bit Metal: 6150 Steel Driver Material: Anodized Aluminum Case Material: ABS Foam: EVA

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The 8x10" iFixit Magnetic Project Mat catches and securely holds screws as you pull them out of a device. Now you can stop worrying about keeping track of all the loose screws and focus on your repair. Screws and small parts will remain right where you left them. For laptops with hundreds of screws, use the whole mat as a screw guide and keep careful location notes. Included is a pen — made by Staedtler, producer of top-of-the-line pens and pencils for artists and architects — that was specially designed for the Project Mat. The Lumocolor Correctable pen resists smears and won't wipe away with a casual brush of your hand. When your repair is complete, use the eraser tip or a dry cloth to wipe the ink away clean. Kenmerken Organize all your small parts while you work on a device. The dry-erase surface lets you keep notes and location sketches. Reduces reassembly time by up to 40% while preventing errors.

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